depender

English

Etymology

From depend +‎ -er (agent noun suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɪˈpɛndə(ɹ)/, /də-/, /di-/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛndə(ɹ)

Noun

depender (plural dependers)

1. (programming) An agent that depends on another agent, the dependee; the subject of a dependency, a dependent (used in agent-oriented programming)

   Synonyms: dependent, dependant

   Antonym: dependee

Usage notes

Technical term, not widely used in software engineering outside of agent-oriented programming; the common term dependent is used instead. In agent-oriented programming, the antonym is dependee, though there is no common language equivalent (other metaphors are used instead, such as parent/child). Further, the circumlocutions “A depends on B” and “B is depended on by A” are used for clarity.

Related terms

• dependency
• dependum

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dēpendēre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /de.pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [de.pẽˈde(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /de.pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [de.pẽˈde(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /de.pẽˈde(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /de.pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [de.pẽˈde(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /de.pẽˈde(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨ.pẽˈdeɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨ.pẽˈdeɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨ.pẽˈde.ɾi/

Verb

depender (first-person singular present dependo, first-person singular preterite dependi, past participle dependido)

1. to depend (on)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of depender (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	depender
Personal	depender	dependeres	depender	dependermos	dependerdes	dependerem
Gerund
	dependendo
Past participle
Masculine	dependido			dependidos
Feminine	dependida			dependidas
Indicative
Present	dependo	dependes	depende	dependemos	dependeis	dependem
Imperfect	dependia	dependias	dependia	dependíamos	dependíeis	dependiam
Preterite	dependi	dependeste	dependeu	dependemos	dependestes	dependeram
Pluperfect	dependera	dependeras	dependera	dependêramos	dependêreis	dependeram
Future	dependerei	dependerás	dependerá	dependeremos	dependereis	dependerão
Conditional	dependeria	dependerias	dependeria	dependeríamos	dependeríeis	dependeriam
Subjunctive
Present	dependa	dependas	dependa	dependamos	dependais	dependam
Imperfect	dependesse	dependesses	dependesse	dependêssemos	dependêsseis	dependessem
Future	depender	dependeres	depender	dependermos	dependerdes	dependerem
Imperative
Affirmative		depende	dependa	dependamos	dependei	dependam
Negative (não)		não dependas	não dependa	não dependamos	não dependais	não dependam

Derived terms

• dependência

 

Related terms

• dependente
• pender

 

Further reading

• “depender”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “depender”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin dēpendēre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /depenˈdeɾ/ [d̪e.pẽn̪ˈd̪eɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: de‧pen‧der

Verb

depender (first-person singular present dependo, first-person singular preterite dependí, past participle dependido)

1. to depend, to be subject to
2. to depend on, to rely on, to hinge on, to depend upon, to rely upon (+ de)
3. to be up to (+ de)

   No me mires así. No depende de mí.

   Don't look at me like that. It isn't up to me.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of depender (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			depender
gerund			dependiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		dependido		dependida
		plural		dependidos		dependidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	dependo	dependestú dependésvos	depende	dependemos	dependéis	dependen
	imperfect	dependía	dependías	dependía	dependíamos	dependíais	dependían
	preterite	dependí	dependiste	dependió	dependimos	dependisteis	dependieron
	future	dependeré	dependerás	dependerá	dependeremos	dependeréis	dependerán
	conditional	dependería	dependerías	dependería	dependeríamos	dependeríais	dependerían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	dependa	dependastú dependásvos2	dependa	dependamos	dependáis	dependan
	imperfect (ra)	dependiera	dependieras	dependiera	dependiéramos	dependierais	dependieran
	imperfect (se)	dependiese	dependieses	dependiese	dependiésemos	dependieseis	dependiesen
	future1	dependiere	dependieres	dependiere	dependiéremos	dependiereis	dependieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		dependetú dependévos	dependa	dependamos	depended	dependan
	negative		no dependas	no dependa	no dependamos	no dependáis	no dependan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of depender

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive depender	dative	dependerme	dependerte	dependerle, dependerse	dependernos	dependeros	dependerles, dependerse
	accusative	dependerme	dependerte	dependerlo, dependerla, dependerse	dependernos	dependeros	dependerlos, dependerlas, dependerse
with gerund dependiendo	dative	dependiéndome	dependiéndote	dependiéndole, dependiéndose	dependiéndonos	dependiéndoos	dependiéndoles, dependiéndose
	accusative	dependiéndome	dependiéndote	dependiéndolo, dependiéndola, dependiéndose	dependiéndonos	dependiéndoos	dependiéndolos, dependiéndolas, dependiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative depende	dative	depéndeme	depéndete	depéndele	depéndenos	not used	depéndeles
	accusative	depéndeme	depéndete	depéndelo, depéndela	depéndenos	not used	depéndelos, depéndelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative dependé	dative	dependeme	dependete	dependele	dependenos	not used	dependeles
	accusative	dependeme	dependete	dependelo, dependela	dependenos	not used	dependelos, dependelas
with formal second-person singular imperative dependa	dative	depéndame	not used	depéndale, depéndase	depéndanos	not used	depéndales
	accusative	depéndame	not used	depéndalo, depéndala, depéndase	depéndanos	not used	depéndalos, depéndalas
with first-person plural imperative dependamos	dative	not used	dependámoste	dependámosle	dependámonos	dependámoos	dependámosles
	accusative	not used	dependámoste	dependámoslo, dependámosla	dependámonos	dependámoos	dependámoslos, dependámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative depended	dative	dependedme	not used	dependedle	dependednos	dependeos	dependedles
	accusative	dependedme	not used	dependedlo, dependedla	dependednos	dependeos	dependedlos, dependedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative dependan	dative	depéndanme	not used	depéndanle	depéndannos	not used	depéndanles, depéndanse
	accusative	depéndanme	not used	depéndanlo, depéndanla	depéndannos	not used	depéndanlos, depéndanlas, depéndanse

Derived terms

• dependiente

 

Related terms

• dependencia
• pender

 

Further reading

• “depender”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10