circunvalar

Galician

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin circumvāllāre, present active infinitive of circumvāllō.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /θiɾkumbaˈlaɾ/ [θiɾ.kum.baˈlaɾ]

• IPA^(key): (standard) /θiɾkumbaˈlaɾ/ [θiɾ.kum.baˈlaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (seseo) /siɾkumbaˈlaɾ/ [siɾ.kum.baˈlaɾ]

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: cir‧cun‧va‧lar

Verb

circunvalar (first-person singular present circunvalo, first-person singular preterite circunvalei, past participle circunvalado)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of circunvalar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	circunvalar
Personal	circunvalar	circunvalares	circunvalar	circunvalarmos	circunvalardes	circunvalaren
Gerund
	circunvalando
Past participle
Masculine	circunvalado			circunvalados
Feminine	circunvalada			circunvaladas
Indicative
Present	circunvalo	circunvalas	circunvala	circunvalamos	circunvalades	circunvalan
Imperfect	circunvalaba	circunvalabas	circunvalaba	circunvalabamos	circunvalabades	circunvalaban
Preterite	circunvalei	circunvalaches	circunvalou	circunvalamos	circunvalastes	circunvalaron
Pluperfect	circunvalara	circunvalaras	circunvalara	circunvalaramos	circunvalarades	circunvalaran
Future	circunvalarei	circunvalarás	circunvalará	circunvalaremos	circunvalaredes	circunvalarán
Conditional	circunvalaría	circunvalarías	circunvalaría	circunvalariamos	circunvalariades	circunvalarían
Subjunctive
Present	circunvale	circunvales	circunvale	circunvalemos	circunvaledes	circunvalen
Imperfect	circunvalase	circunvalases	circunvalase	circunvalásemos	circunvalásedes	circunvalasen
Future	circunvalar	circunvalares	circunvalar	circunvalarmos	circunvalardes	circunvalaren
Imperative
Affirmative		circunvala	circunvale	circunvalemos	circunvalade	circunvalen
Negative (non)		non circunvales	non circunvale	non circunvalemos	non circunvaledes	non circunvalen

    Reintegrated conjugation of circunvalar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	circunvalar
Personal	circunvalar	circunvalares	circunvalar	circunvalarmos	circunvalardes	circunvalarem
Gerund
	circunvalando
Past participle
Masculine	circunvalado			circunvalados
Feminine	circunvalada			circunvaladas
Indicative
Present	circunvalo	circunvalas	circunvala	circunvalamos	circunvalades, circunvalais	circunvalam
Imperfect	circunvalava	circunvalavas	circunvalava	circunvalávamos	circunvalávades, circunvaláveis, circunvalávais1	circunvalavam
Preterite	circunvalei	circunvalaste, circunvalache1	circunvalou	circunvalamos	circunvalastes	circunvalárom, circunvalaram
Pluperfect	circunvalara	circunvalaras	circunvalara	circunvaláramos	circunvalárades, circunvaláreis, circunvalárais1	circunvalaram
Future	circunvalarei	circunvalarás	circunvalará	circunvalaremos	circunvalaredes, circunvalareis	circunvalarám, circunvalarão
Conditional	circunvalaria	circunvalarias	circunvalaria	circunvalaríamos	circunvalaríades, circunvalaríeis, circunvalaríais1	circunvalariam
Subjunctive
Present	circunvale	circunvales	circunvale	circunvalemos	circunvaledes, circunvaleis	circunvalem
Imperfect	circunvalasse	circunvalasses	circunvalasse	circunvalássemos	circunvalássedes, circunvalásseis	circunvalassem
Future	circunvalar	circunvalares	circunvalar	circunvalarmos	circunvalardes	circunvalarem
Imperative
Affirmative		circunvala	circunvale	circunvalemos	circunvalade, circunvalai	circunvalem
Negative (nom)		nom circunvales	nom circunvale	nom circunvalemos	nom circunvaledes, nom circunvaleis	nom circunvalem

¹Less recommended.

Further reading

• “circunvalar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• “circunvalar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin circumvāllāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /θiɾkumbaˈlaɾ/ [θiɾ.kũm.baˈlaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /siɾkumbaˈlaɾ/ [siɾ.kũm.baˈlaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: cir‧cun‧va‧lar

Verb

circunvalar (first-person singular present circunvalo, first-person singular preterite circunvalé, past participle circunvalado)

1. (transitive) to ring; to circle (around a town)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of circunvalar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			circunvalar
gerund			circunvalando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		circunvalado		circunvalada
		plural		circunvalados		circunvaladas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	circunvalo	circunvalastú circunvalásvos	circunvala	circunvalamos	circunvaláis	circunvalan
	imperfect	circunvalaba	circunvalabas	circunvalaba	circunvalábamos	circunvalabais	circunvalaban
	preterite	circunvalé	circunvalaste	circunvaló	circunvalamos	circunvalasteis	circunvalaron
	future	circunvalaré	circunvalarás	circunvalará	circunvalaremos	circunvalaréis	circunvalarán
	conditional	circunvalaría	circunvalarías	circunvalaría	circunvalaríamos	circunvalaríais	circunvalarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	circunvale	circunvalestú circunvalésvos2	circunvale	circunvalemos	circunvaléis	circunvalen
	imperfect (ra)	circunvalara	circunvalaras	circunvalara	circunvaláramos	circunvalarais	circunvalaran
	imperfect (se)	circunvalase	circunvalases	circunvalase	circunvalásemos	circunvalaseis	circunvalasen
	future1	circunvalare	circunvalares	circunvalare	circunvaláremos	circunvalareis	circunvalaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		circunvalatú circunvalávos	circunvale	circunvalemos	circunvalad	circunvalen
	negative		no circunvales	no circunvale	no circunvalemos	no circunvaléis	no circunvalen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of circunvalar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive circunvalar
	dative	circunvalarme	circunvalarte	circunvalarle, circunvalarse	circunvalarnos	circunvalaros	circunvalarles, circunvalarse
	accusative	circunvalarme	circunvalarte	circunvalarlo, circunvalarla, circunvalarse	circunvalarnos	circunvalaros	circunvalarlos, circunvalarlas, circunvalarse
with gerund circunvalando
	dative	circunvalándome	circunvalándote	circunvalándole, circunvalándose	circunvalándonos	circunvalándoos	circunvalándoles, circunvalándose
	accusative	circunvalándome	circunvalándote	circunvalándolo, circunvalándola, circunvalándose	circunvalándonos	circunvalándoos	circunvalándolos, circunvalándolas, circunvalándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative circunvala
	dative	circunválame	circunválate	circunválale	circunválanos	not used	circunválales
	accusative	circunválame	circunválate	circunválalo, circunválala	circunválanos	not used	circunválalos, circunválalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative circunvalá
	dative	circunvalame	circunvalate	circunvalale	circunvalanos	not used	circunvalales
	accusative	circunvalame	circunvalate	circunvalalo, circunvalala	circunvalanos	not used	circunvalalos, circunvalalas
with formal second-person singular imperative circunvale
	dative	circunváleme	not used	circunválele, circunválese	circunválenos	not used	circunváleles
	accusative	circunváleme	not used	circunválelo, circunválela, circunválese	circunválenos	not used	circunválelos, circunválelas
with first-person plural imperative circunvalemos
	dative	not used	circunvalémoste	circunvalémosle	circunvalémonos	circunvalémoos	circunvalémosles
	accusative	not used	circunvalémoste	circunvalémoslo, circunvalémosla	circunvalémonos	circunvalémoos	circunvalémoslos, circunvalémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative circunvalad
	dative	circunvaladme	not used	circunvaladle	circunvaladnos	circunvalaos	circunvaladles
	accusative	circunvaladme	not used	circunvaladlo, circunvaladla	circunvaladnos	circunvalaos	circunvaladlos, circunvaladlas
with formal second-person plural imperative circunvalen
	dative	circunválenme	not used	circunválenle	circunválennos	not used	circunválenles, circunválense
	accusative	circunválenme	not used	circunválenlo, circunválenla	circunválennos	not used	circunválenlos, circunválenlas, circunválense

Related terms

• circunvalación

 

Further reading

• “circunvalar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28