centrifugar

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡaɾ/ [sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡaɾ/ [sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɡa.ɾi/ [sẽ.tɾi.fuˈɣa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: cen‧tri‧fu‧gar

Verb

centrifugar (first-person singular present centrifugo, first-person singular preterite centrifuguei, past participle centrifugado)

1. to centrifuge

Conjugation

    Conjugation of centrifugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	centrifugar
Personal	centrifugar	centrifugares	centrifugar	centrifugarmos	centrifugardes	centrifugarem
Gerund
	centrifugando
Past participle
Masculine	centrifugado			centrifugados
Feminine	centrifugada			centrifugadas
Indicative
Present	centrifugo	centrifugas	centrifuga	centrifugamos	centrifugais	centrifugam
Imperfect	centrifugava	centrifugavas	centrifugava	centrifugávamos	centrifugáveis	centrifugavam
Preterite	centrifuguei	centrifugaste	centrifugou	centrifugamos1, centrifugámos2	centrifugastes	centrifugaram
Pluperfect	centrifugara	centrifugaras	centrifugara	centrifugáramos	centrifugáreis	centrifugaram
Future	centrifugarei	centrifugarás	centrifugará	centrifugaremos	centrifugareis	centrifugarão
Conditional	centrifugaria	centrifugarias	centrifugaria	centrifugaríamos	centrifugaríeis	centrifugariam
Subjunctive
Present	centrifugue	centrifugues	centrifugue	centrifuguemos	centrifugueis	centrifuguem
Imperfect	centrifugasse	centrifugasses	centrifugasse	centrifugássemos	centrifugásseis	centrifugassem
Future	centrifugar	centrifugares	centrifugar	centrifugarmos	centrifugardes	centrifugarem
Imperative
Affirmative		centrifuga	centrifugue	centrifuguemos	centrifugai	centrifuguem
Negative (não)		não centrifugues	não centrifugue	não centrifuguemos	não centrifugueis	não centrifuguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

From centrífuga +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /θentɾifuˈɡaɾ/ [θẽn̪.t̪ɾi.fuˈɣ̞aɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /sentɾifuˈɡaɾ/ [sẽn̪.t̪ɾi.fuˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: cen‧tri‧fu‧gar

Verb

centrifugar (first-person singular present centrifugo, first-person singular preterite centrifugué, past participle centrifugado)

1. (transitive) to centrifuge
   • 2018 September 13, “Beber sangre humana joven sería la clave para vivir más y mejor”, in Clarín‎^[1]:

     Kardashian realiza una terapia que consiste en tomar su propia sangre, centrifugarla, extraerle el plasma e inyectárselo en la cara.

     Kardashian undergoes a therapy that consists of taking her own blood, centrifuging it, extracting the plasma from it and injecting it in her face.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of centrifugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			centrifugar
gerund			centrifugando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		centrifugado		centrifugada
		plural		centrifugados		centrifugadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	centrifugo	centrifugastú centrifugásvos	centrifuga	centrifugamos	centrifugáis	centrifugan
	imperfect	centrifugaba	centrifugabas	centrifugaba	centrifugábamos	centrifugabais	centrifugaban
	preterite	centrifugué	centrifugaste	centrifugó	centrifugamos	centrifugasteis	centrifugaron
	future	centrifugaré	centrifugarás	centrifugará	centrifugaremos	centrifugaréis	centrifugarán
	conditional	centrifugaría	centrifugarías	centrifugaría	centrifugaríamos	centrifugaríais	centrifugarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	centrifugue	centrifuguestú centrifuguésvos2	centrifugue	centrifuguemos	centrifuguéis	centrifuguen
	imperfect (ra)	centrifugara	centrifugaras	centrifugara	centrifugáramos	centrifugarais	centrifugaran
	imperfect (se)	centrifugase	centrifugases	centrifugase	centrifugásemos	centrifugaseis	centrifugasen
	future1	centrifugare	centrifugares	centrifugare	centrifugáremos	centrifugareis	centrifugaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		centrifugatú centrifugávos	centrifugue	centrifuguemos	centrifugad	centrifuguen
	negative		no centrifugues	no centrifugue	no centrifuguemos	no centrifuguéis	no centrifuguen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of centrifugar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive centrifugar
	dative	centrifugarme	centrifugarte	centrifugarle, centrifugarse	centrifugarnos	centrifugaros	centrifugarles, centrifugarse
	accusative	centrifugarme	centrifugarte	centrifugarlo, centrifugarla, centrifugarse	centrifugarnos	centrifugaros	centrifugarlos, centrifugarlas, centrifugarse
with gerund centrifugando
	dative	centrifugándome	centrifugándote	centrifugándole, centrifugándose	centrifugándonos	centrifugándoos	centrifugándoles, centrifugándose
	accusative	centrifugándome	centrifugándote	centrifugándolo, centrifugándola, centrifugándose	centrifugándonos	centrifugándoos	centrifugándolos, centrifugándolas, centrifugándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative centrifuga
	dative	centrifúgame	centrifúgate	centrifúgale	centrifúganos	not used	centrifúgales
	accusative	centrifúgame	centrifúgate	centrifúgalo, centrifúgala	centrifúganos	not used	centrifúgalos, centrifúgalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative centrifugá
	dative	centrifugame	centrifugate	centrifugale	centrifuganos	not used	centrifugales
	accusative	centrifugame	centrifugate	centrifugalo, centrifugala	centrifuganos	not used	centrifugalos, centrifugalas
with formal second-person singular imperative centrifugue
	dative	centrifúgueme	not used	centrifúguele, centrifúguese	centrifúguenos	not used	centrifúgueles
	accusative	centrifúgueme	not used	centrifúguelo, centrifúguela, centrifúguese	centrifúguenos	not used	centrifúguelos, centrifúguelas
with first-person plural imperative centrifuguemos
	dative	not used	centrifuguémoste	centrifuguémosle	centrifuguémonos	centrifuguémoos	centrifuguémosles
	accusative	not used	centrifuguémoste	centrifuguémoslo, centrifuguémosla	centrifuguémonos	centrifuguémoos	centrifuguémoslos, centrifuguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative centrifugad
	dative	centrifugadme	not used	centrifugadle	centrifugadnos	centrifugaos	centrifugadles
	accusative	centrifugadme	not used	centrifugadlo, centrifugadla	centrifugadnos	centrifugaos	centrifugadlos, centrifugadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative centrifuguen
	dative	centrifúguenme	not used	centrifúguenle	centrifúguennos	not used	centrifúguenles, centrifúguense
	accusative	centrifúguenme	not used	centrifúguenlo, centrifúguenla	centrifúguennos	not used	centrifúguenlos, centrifúguenlas, centrifúguense

Derived terms

• centrifugadora

 

Further reading

• “centrifugar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28