centrifuge

English

Etymology

From French centrifuge, from Latin centrum (“center”) + fugiō (“to flee”). Equivalent to centri- +‎ -fuge.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈsɛntɹɪˌfjuːdʒ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

centrifuge (plural centrifuges)

1. A device in which a mixture of denser and lighter materials (normally dispersed in a liquid) is separated by being spun about a central axis at high speed.
2. (figuratively) An apparatus in which humans are spun to simulate acceleration in an aircraft or spacecraft.
3. By extension, any device which rotates in order to produce artificial gravity (in the form of centrifugal force)

Related terms

• centrifugal force
• centripetal

Translations

device for separation of substances

• Albanian: centrifuge
• Arabic: طَرْد مَرْكَزِيّ m (ṭard markaziyy)
• Bulgarian: центрофу́га f (centrofúga)
• Catalan: centrifugadora f, centrífuga (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 離心機 / 离心机 (zh) (líxīnjī)

• Czech: odstředivka f
• Danish: centrifuge c
• Dutch: centrifuge (nl) f, droogzwierder (nl) m
• Esperanto: centrifugilo
• Finnish: linko (fi), sentrifugi (fi)
• French: centrifugeuse (fr) f
• German: Zentrifuge (de) f
• Greek: φυγόκεντρος (el) m (fygókentros)
• Hindi: अपकेंद्रित्र (apkendritra)
• Hungarian: centrifuga (hu)
• Ido: centrifugilo (io)
• Indonesian: pemusing (id)
• Irish: lártheifneoir m
• Italian: centrifuga (it) f
• Japanese: 遠心機 (えんしんき, enshinki)
• Kazakh: үйірткі (üiırtkı)
• Korean: 원심분리기(遠心分離機) (ko) (wonsimbulligi), 원심기계(遠心機械) (wonsimgigye), 원심기(遠心機) (wonsimgi)
• Latin: centrifugium n
• Norwegian: sentrifuge m
• Persian: سانتریفوژ (sântrifuž)
• Polish: centryfuga f, wirówka (pl) f
• Portuguese: centrífuga (pt) f
• Russian: центрифу́га (ru) f (centrifúga)
• Spanish: centrífuga (es) f
• Swedish: centrifug (sv) c
• Telugu: అపకేంద్ర యంత్రం (te) (apakēndra yantraṁ)
• Thai: เครื่องหมุนเหวี่ยง (krʉ̂ʉang-mǔn-wìiang)
• Turkish: santrifüj (tr), merkezkaç (tr)
• Ukrainian: центрифу́га (uk) f (centryfúha)
• Vietnamese: máy ly tâm, máy li tâm (𣛠離心)
• Welsh: allgyrchydd m

Verb

centrifuge (third-person singular simple present centrifuges, present participle centrifuging, simple past and past participle centrifuged)

1. To rotate something in a centrifuge, typically in order to separate its constituents.

Translations

to rotate something in a centrifuge in order to separate its constituents

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 使離心 / 使离心 (shǐ líxīn), 以離心機分離 / 以离心机分离 (yǐ líxīnjī fēnlí)

• Czech: odstředit
• Danish: centrifugere
• Dutch: centrifugeren (nl)
• Finnish: lingota (fi)
• French: centrifuger (fr)
• German: zentrifugieren
• Hungarian: centrifugál (hu), pörget (hu), kipörget (hu)
• Italian: centrifugare (it)
• Japanese: ...を遠心機にかけて分離する
• Norwegian: sentrifugere
• Portuguese: centrifugar
• Spanish: centrifugar (es)
• Swedish: centrifugera (sv)
• Welsh: allgyrchu

Derived terms

• centrifugable
• centrifugal
• centrifugate
• centrifugation
• cytocentrifuge
• gas centrifuge
• microcentrifuge
• microfuge
• minicentrifuge
• nanocentrifuge
• recentrifuge
• ultracentrifuge
• vacufuge

 

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French centrifuge.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌsɛn.triˈfyː.ʒə/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: cen‧tri‧fu‧ge

Noun

centrifuge f (plural centrifuges, diminutive centrifugetje n)

1. (chiefly Netherlands) centrifuge

   Synonyms: centrifugaalmachine, droogzwierder

Derived terms

• slacentrifuge

 

Related terms

• centrifugaal
• centrifugeren

 

French

Etymology

From centre +‎ -i- +‎ -fuge.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑ̃.tʁi.fyʒ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

centrifuge (plural centrifuges)

1. (physics) centrifugal

   Coordinate term: centripète

2. (figuratively) centrifugal

Further reading

• “centrifuge”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.