brutus

See also: Brutus

Latin

Etymology

An Oscan loanword, from Proto-Italic *gʷrūtos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Persian گران (gerân) and Sanskrit गुरु (gurú). See also Latin gravis.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈbruː.tus/, [ˈbruːt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈbru.tus/, [ˈbruːt̪us]

Adjective

brūtus (feminine brūta, neuter brūtum); first/second-declension adjective

1. heavy, unwieldy
2. dull, stupid, insensible, unreasonable, irrational

   Synonyms: fatuus, stupidus, stultus, īnsipiēns, āmēns, dēmēns

   Antonyms: callidus, prūdēns, sapiēns, sollers

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	brūtus	brūta	brūtum		brūtī	brūtae	brūta
genitive	brūtī	brūtae	brūtī		brūtōrum	brūtārum	brūtōrum
dative	brūtō	brūtae	brūtō		brūtīs
accusative	brūtum	brūtam	brūtum		brūtōs	brūtās	brūta
ablative	brūtō	brūtā	brūtō		brūtīs
vocative	brūte	brūta	brūtum		brūtī	brūtae	brūta

Derived terms

• brūtālis
• brūtescō
• brūtum
• Brūtus

Descendants

• Catalan: brut
• Dalmatian: brot
• → Old Irish: brúit
  • Irish: brúid
  • Scottish Gaelic: brùid
• Galician: bruto, brután
• Italian: brutto, bruto
  • → Dutch: bruto
    • → Indonesian: bruto
• Old French: brut
  • Middle French: brut
    • French: brut
      • → English: brut
      • → German: brut
      • → Turkish: brüt
    • → English: brute
  • → Middle Dutch: bruut
    • Dutch: bruut
      • Afrikaans: bruut
• Piedmontese: brüt
• Portuguese: bruto
• Romanian: brut
• Spanish: bruto

Further reading

• “1. brūtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “brutus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• brutus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• 1 brūtus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette: “229/3”
• “brutus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “brutus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
• “brute”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “brūtus¹” on page 243/2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “brutus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 107/1