bruka

See also: brúka

Albanian

Noun

bruka

1. indefinite nominative/accusative plural and definite nominative singular of brukë

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbrʊkɐ]

Verb

brùka

1. third-person singular present of brukti
2. third-person plural present of brukti

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbruka]

Noun

bruka

1. genitive singular of bruk
2. accusative singular of bruk
3. nominative dual of bruk

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• brukene

Noun

bruka n

1. definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbrʉːkɑ/

Noun

bruka n

1. definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German bruken.

Alternative forms

• bruke

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²brʉːkɑ/

Verb

bruka (present tense brukar/bruker, past tense bruka/brukte, past participle bruka/brukt, passive infinitive brukast, present participle brukande, imperative bruka/bruk)

1. to use

Synonyms

• nytta

Derived terms

• bruktbil
• velbruka, velbrukt

References

• “bruka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.

Verb

brūka

1. to use

Inflection

Conjugation of brūka (strong class 2)

infinitive	brūka
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	brūke	brāk
2nd person singular	brūkest, brūkst	brākest, brākst
3rd person singular	brūketh, brūkth	brāk
plural	brūkath	breken
subjunctive	present	past
singular	brūke	breke
plural	brūke, brūken	breke, breken
imperative	present
singular	brūk
plural	brūketh
participle	present	past
	brūkande	ebreken, breken

Descendants

• North Frisian: bruwcken
• Saterland Frisian: bruke
• West Frisian: brûke

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbru.ka/
• Rhymes: -uka
• Syllabification: bru‧ka

Verb

bruka

1. third-person singular present of brukać

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brûka/
• Hyphenation: bru‧ka

Noun

brȕka f (Cyrillic spelling бру̏ка)

1. (informal, slang) shame, disgrace
2. (informal, slang) person in disgrace

Declension

Declension of bruka

	singular	plural
nominative	brȕka	bruke
genitive	bruke	brȗkā
dative	bruci	brukama
accusative	bruku	bruke
vocative	bruko	bruke
locative	bruci	brukama
instrumental	brukom	brukama

Related terms

• brȕkati

Further reading

• Sabljak, Tomislav (2013) “bruka”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga žargona [Dictionary of Croatian Jargon], 3rd edition, Zagreb: Profil, →ISBN, page 75

Swedish

Etymology

From Middle Low German bruken, from Old Saxon brukan.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

bruka (present brukar, preterite brukade, supine brukat, imperative bruka)

2. (auxiliary) to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of

   Han brukade segla runt sjön på somrarna

   He used to sail around the lake in the summer

   Han brukar äta majs

   He often / regularly eats corn

   Hon brukar beställa en hamburgare när hon besöker restaurangen

   She usually orders a hamburger when she visits the restaurant [like "She used to order a hamburger when she visited the restaurant," but in the present tense]

4. to use (for some purpose)

   verktyg som brukas för att forma trä

   tools used [that are used] to shape wood

   ett verktyg som kan brukas som vapen

   a tool that can be used as a weapon

   Metoden brukas som en sista utväg

   The method is used / employed as a last resort

   bruka våld

   use violence (idiomatic)

   Bruka ditt förnuft!

   Use your good sense!

   1. to cultivate, till, farm

      bruka jorden

      work the land

      röja sten så att åkrarna kan brukas

      clear rocks so that the fields can be farmed

      bruka skog

      manage forests (for forestry purposes)

   2. to use, to consume (drugs or alcohol)

      bruka alkohol under arbetstid

      consume alcohol during working hours

Usage notes

• Like English used to in (sense 1), but as natural-sounding in the present tense as in the past tense.
• "Bruka" in (sense 2) has connotations similar to "make use of for some purpose." Outside idiomatic cases like cultivation, it can otherwise be used interchangeably with "använda," which is the more general and common word for "use."

Conjugation

Conjugation of bruka (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	bruka		brukas
supine	brukat		brukats
imperative	bruka		—
imper. plural1	bruken		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	brukar	brukade	brukas	brukades
ind. plural1	bruka	brukade	brukas	brukades
subjunctive2	bruke	brukade	brukes	brukades
present participle		brukande
past participle		brukad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

• bruk
• brukare
• förbruka
• missbruka

Descendants

• → Finnish: ruukata

See also

• använda
• nyttja

References

• bruka in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• bruka in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• bruka in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• bukar, burka