Wiktionary:About Old Novgorodian

This is a Wiktionary policy, guideline or common practices page. Specifically it is a policy think tank, working to develop a formal policy.

Policies – Entries: CFI - EL - NORM - NPOV - QUOTE - REDIR - DELETE. Languages: LT - AXX. Others: BLOCK - BOTS - VOTES.

Shortcut:
WT:AZLE-ONO

Periodization

The purple color shows the spread of Old Novgorodian in the late 14th century.

Old Novgorodian is defined in Wiktionary as being between the early 9th century to the mid-15th century (c. 800‒1450).

Pre-literate period ‒ until the 11th century (before c. 1000).
Early Old Novgorod ‒ early 11th to the first quarter of the 13th century (c. 1000‒1225). Accepted as main in Wiktionary.
Late Old Novgorod ‒ second quarter of the 13th to the mid-15th century (c. 1225‒1450).

Divided into two dialects, the main Eastern Old Novgorodian (zle-ono) and the western dialect ‒ Old Pskovian (zle-ops).

Spelling normalization

Letters

Letters for entries in Old Novgorodian in Wiktionary
	а	б	в	г	д	е	ж	ꙁ	и	к	л	м	н	о	п	р	с	т	оу	ф	х	ѿ *	ц	ч	ш	щ	ъ	ꙑ	ь	ѣ	ꙗ	ѥ	ю	ѫ	ѭ	ѧ	ѩ	ѯ	ѱ	ѳ	ѵ
`zle-ono`	a	b	v	g	d	e	ž	z	i	k	l	m	n	o	p	r	s	t	u	f	x	ot	ć		š	ść	ŭ	y	ĭ	ě	ja	je	ju	ǫ	jǫ	ę	ję	ks	ps	θ	ü
`zle-ops`							ź										ś								ś	šk

* Use these letters for alternative forms.

Concerining spelling, the following practices are followed:

For /e/ use е instead of є.
For /o/ use о instead of ѡ, ѻ, ꙩ, etc.
For /u/ use оу instead of у or ꙋ.
For /y/ use archaic ꙑ instead of ы.
For /i/ use и instead of і.
For /je/ use ѥ instead of е or є.
For /ja/ use ꙗ as etymologically expected, instead of ѧ. Moreover, no я.
For nasal /ǫ/, /jǫ/ and /ę/, /ję/ use ѫ, ѭ (no оу, ю instead of them) and ѧ, ѩ as etymologically expected.
For entries, do not use a “domestic orthography” («бытовая система письма») in which there is a mixing of the letters е ⇄ ь, о ⇄ ъ, and also ѣ ⇄ е, ь and и.
- For reduced /ŭ/ and /ĭ/ use ъ and ь as etymologically expected, instead of о and е.
- Use ѣ /ě/ as etymologically expected. Mixing ѣ ⇄ и reflects the phonetic transition /ě/ → /i/ that occurred around 1200‒1350. Sometimes you can use и for alternative forms.
For /z/ use archaic ꙁ instead of з.
One can use ѯ /ks/, ѱ /ps/, ѳ /θ/, ѵ /ü/ for Greek borrowings and as etymologically expected.

Word forms

Give preference to these forms of words:

Always use ц in place of ч to show ts–ch merger ‒ “tsokanye” («цоканье»). E.g. цетꙑри (ćetyri) < Proto-Slavic *četỳre or дъци (dŭći) < Proto-Slavic *dъ̏ťi.
The ending -ьѥ (and -иѥ, mainly in Church Slavonicisms), not -ье, -ие (from Proto-Slavic *-ьje). E.g. орѫдьѥ (orǫdĭje) < Proto-Slavic *orǫdьjȅ.

Typical layout

{{also|}}
==Old Novgorodian==
[[Image:|thumb|250px|Birchbark letter no. ({{circa2|‒|short=yes}}) / {{lang|zle-ono|{{PAGENAME}}}} ({{senseno|zle-ono|}})]]

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|zle-ono|||late form/Old Pskovian}}

===Etymology===
{{etymid|zle-ono|}}
{{etymon|zle-ono|id=|inh|sla-pro>*>|tree=1}}
{{PIE word|zle-ono|}}
{{inh+|zle-ono|sla-pro|*}}, from {{inh|zle-ono|ine-bsl-pro|*}}, from {{inh|zle-ono|ine-pro||*|t=}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*-|t=}}.<ref name="Anikin">{{R:ru:Anikin|||}}</ref> {{etydate|c|‒}}.
From early {{m|zle-ono/zle-ops|}}, {{inh+|zle-ono|sla-pro|*|nocap=1}}{{dercat|zle-ono|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}{{root|zle-ono|ine-pro|*-}}. {{surf|zle-ono||t1=||lit=}}.
{{bor+|zle-ono|urj-fin}} languages, probably from {{bor|zle-ono|olo|}}, cf. {{cog|krl|}}, {{cog|lud|}}, {{cog|vep|}}, {{cog|vot|}}, {{cog|izh|}}, {{cog|fi|}}, ultimately from {{der|zle-ono|urj-fin-pro||t=}}.
From {{af|zle-ono||t1=||lit=}}. Compare {{cog|orv|}}. Cognate with {{cog|orv|}}, {{cog|zle-ort|}}, {{cog|cu|}}, {{cog|zlw-opl|}}. {{dbt|zle-ono|}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{hyph|zle-ono|}}

===Adjective===
{{head|zle-ono|adjective}}<ref>{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004|}}</ref>
===Noun===
{{head|zle-ono|noun|g=}}<ref>{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004|}}</ref>
===Verb===
{{head|zle-ono|verb|g=}}<ref>{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004|}}</ref>
===Numeral===
{{head|zle-ono|numeral}}<ref>{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004|}}</ref>
===Proper noun===
{{head|zle-ono|proper noun|g=}}<ref>{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004|}}</ref>

# {{senseid|zle-ono|}} {{c|zle-ono|}} {{lb|zle-ono|Old Pskovian|relational|hapax}} [[]] {{gl|}}
#: {{syn|zle-ono|}}
#* {{RQ:birchbark||n|‒|…||}}
# {{alt form|zle-ono||t=[[]]|from=Late/Old Pskovian}}

====Derived/Related terms====
{{rootsee|zle-ono|ine|}}
{{col-auto|zle-ono|title=adjectives|}}
{{col-auto|zle-ono|title=adverbs|}}
{{col-auto|zle-ono|title=nouns|<g:><t:>}}
{{col-auto|zle-ono|title=proper nouns|<g:><qq:first name><qq:toponym>}}
{{col-auto|zle-ono|title=verbs|}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|zle-ops|}}
* {{desc|zle-mru||bor=1|unc=1}}
** {{desc|ru|<qq:dialectal>}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{R:zle-ono:ruscorpora|}}

Bibliography

Reference template	Work
`{{R:zle-ono:ruscorpora\|}}`	Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка [Birchbark Letters – Russian National Corpus], https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2024
`{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004\|\|}}`	Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎^[1] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN
`{{R:zle-ono:NGB\|\|\|\|}}`	Artsikhovsky, A. V., Borkovsky, V. I., Yanin, V. L., Zaliznyak, A. A., Gippius, A. A. et al., editors (1953–2015), Новгородские грамоты на бересте (1951–2014 гг.) [Novgorod letters on birchbark: 1951–2014] (in Russian), volumes 1–12, Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Nauka, Russian Dictionaries et al.
`{{R:zle-ono:VJa\|\|\|\|}}`	Yanin, V. L., Zaliznyak, A. A., Gippius, A. A. et al. (1997–2024) “Берестяные грамоты из раскопок”, in Вопросы языкознания [Topics in the Study of Language]‎^[2] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, →ISSN
`{{R:birchbark\|\|\|\|}}`	Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus]‎^[3][4] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2024