User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷeh₃-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷeh₃-^[1]

to eat, devour, consume
to feed, graze, pasture^[2]^[3]

Derived terms

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*gʷeh₃-ti (athematic root present)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: *βω (*bō)
    - ⇒ Ancient Greek: συβώτης (subṓtēs)

*gʷh₃-sḱ-éti ~ *gʷh₃-sḱ-ónti (*sḱe-present)^[3]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: βόσκω (bóskō, “to feed, graze”)

*gʷeh₃-r̥ ~ *gʷh₃-én-s (“food; devouring”)
- *gʷh₃en- (reanalyzed root)
  - *gʷh₃en-s ~ *gʷh₃n-és
    - *gʷh₃nes- ("to eat, devour", reanalyzed root)
- *gʷerh₃- ("to devour", reanalyzed root) (< metathesis *gʷeh₃r-)

*gʷéh₃-s ~ *gʷh₃-és
- *gʷh₃es- (reanalyzed root)

*gʷéh₃-u-s ~ *gʷh₃-éw-s^[2]^[3]
- (possibly) *gʷh₃éw- (reanalyzed root)^[4]
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: [Term?] (“to receive, obtain”)
    - Latvian: gaut
    - Lithuanian: gáuti
    - Old Prussian: pogaūt

*gʷh₃-éy-ti (*éy-present)
- *gʷh₃éy- (reanalyzed root)
  - *gʷh₃éy-to-s^[3]
    - Proto-Celtic: *bētos (“food”)^[5]
      - Proto-Brythonic: *buɨd
        Middle Breton: boet, bouet
        Breton: boued
        Old Cornish: buit
        Cornish: boos, boys
        Middle Welsh: bwyt
        Welsh: bwyd
  - *gʷh₃ey-wó-s
    - *gʷh₃iwo-tó-s
      - Proto-Celtic: *biwotos (“food”)^[5]
        Old Irish: biad
      - Proto-Hellenic:
        Ancient Greek: βῐ́οτος (bĭ́otos, “food, sustenance”)

*gʷh₃-tó-s^[3]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: gúotas (“group, flock, shoal”)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: βοτόν (botón)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: gņę̃gât (“to eat slowly”)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βόσκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227: “gʷeh₃-”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bōs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74: “*gʷéh₃-u-s”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kō- ~ *kū-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299: “*gʷéh₃-u-”
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “gauti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 166
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bēto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 64

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βόσκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227: “gʷeh₃-”

[De_Vaan-2] 2.0 ^2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bōs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74: “*gʷéh₃-u-s”

[Kroonen-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kō- ~ *kū-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299: “*gʷéh₃-u-”

[4] Derksen, Rick (2015) “gauti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 166

[Matasovic-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bēto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 64

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