Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hramu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hramō (“frame, cross”), whence *hramjaną (“to frame”), possibly cognate with Proto-Slavic *krōmà (“edge, boundary”).

Noun

*hramu f

1. (construction) (timber) frame
2. framework, support

Inflection

ō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hramu
Genitive	*hramā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hramu	*hramō
Accusative	*hramā	*hramā
Genitive	*hramā	*hramō
Dative	*hramē	*hramōm, *hramum
Instrumental	*hramu	*hramōm, *hramum

Alternative reconstructions

• *hramm, *hrammā
• *hramō
• *ramu

Derived terms

• *hramōn (“to frame, build a framework”)
  • Old Frisian: ramia, remia, *hramia, *hremia

Descendants

• Old Frisian: *hrame, *hrama
  • Saterland Frisian: Roome
  • West Frisian: raam
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: hramkorf, raemkorf (“basket-shaped fishing net”) (raemkorf perhaps influenced by Middle Dutch raem)
• Old Saxon: hrama, rama f
  • Middle Low German: rāme, rām, rāmen m
    • German Low German: Raam, Rahm, Räm n, Rahmen, Rame, Ramen m
    • Plautdietsch: Rämen m
    • → Danish: ramme
    • → Estonian: raam
    • → Faroese: ramma
    • → Icelandic: ramma
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: ramme
    • → Norwegian Nynorsk: ramme
    • → Old Swedish: rama
      • Swedish: ram
    • → Scanian: ramme
• Old Dutch: *rama
  • Middle Dutch: rāme, raem, raam m or f
    • Dutch: raam, ramen
    • → Old French: raime
      • Middle French: ranme
        • French: rame
    • ⇒ Middle Dutch: geraemte, geremte
      • Dutch: geraamte
        • Afrikaans: geraamte
        • → West Frisian: ramt, raamt
        • → German: Geraamte, Geraamt (dialectal)
      • Limburgish: geraems, jerems
• Old High German: rama, ram m or f
  • > Middle High German: rame, ram (inherited)
    • Alemannic German: Ramme
    • German: Rahmen m, Ramen, Rahme, Rame (obsolete)
      • → Czech: rám
      • → Romanian: ramă
      • → Russian: рама (rama)
    • Luxembourgish: Rumm
    • Vilamovian: raom
    • → Old Polish: rama, ram
      • Polish: rama
        • → Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)
        • → Kashubian: rama
        • → Russian: ра́ма (ráma)
          • → Azerbaijani: rama
          • → Ingush: рама (rama)
          • → Yakut: араама (araama)
        • → Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)
      • Silesian: rama, rōma
• >? Vulgar Latin: *frama
  • Old French: frame
    • →? Middle English: frame
      • English: frame
      • ⇒ Middle English: framen (“to frame (a building)”)
        • English: frame