Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlūd

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz.

Adjective

*hlūd

2. loud

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*hlūd
Genitive	*hlūdas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*hlūd	*hlūdu	*hlūd
Accusative	*hlūdanā	*hlūdā	*hlūd
Genitive	*hlūdas	*hlūdeʀā	*hlūdas
Dative	*hlūdumē	*hlūdeʀē	*hlūdumē
Instrumental	*hlūdu	*hlūdeʀu	*hlūdu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*hlūdē	*hlūdō	*hlūdu
Accusative	*hlūdā	*hlūdā	*hlūdu
Genitive	*hlūdeʀō	*hlūdeʀō	*hlūdeʀō
Dative	*hlūdēm, *hlūdum	*hlūdēm, *hlūdum	*hlūdēm, *hlūdum
Instrumental	*hlūdēm, *hlūdum	*hlūdēm, *hlūdum	*hlūdēm, *hlūdum

Derived terms

• *hlūdēn
• *hlūdī
• *hlūdijan
• *Hlūdawīg

Descendants

• Old English: hlūd
  • Middle English: loud, loude, lowd, lowde, lud
    • English: loud
    • Scots: loud, lood
• Old Frisian: hlūd
  • Saterland Frisian: luud
  • West Frisian: lûd
• Old Saxon: hlūd
  • Middle Low German: lūt, lūd
    • German Low German: luud, luut
    • Low German: luud
    • Plautdietsch: lud
• Old Dutch: lūt
  • Middle Dutch: luut
    • Dutch: luid
    • Limburgish: luud
• Old High German: lūt
  • Middle High German: lūt
    • Central Franconian:
      • Hunsrik: laut
    • German: laut
      • → Esperanto: laŭta

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *hlūdą.

Noun

*hlūd n

2. sound

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hlūd
Genitive	*hlūdas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hlūd	*hlūdu
Accusative	*hlūd	*hlūdu
Genitive	*hlūdas	*hlūdō
Dative	*hlūdē	*hlūdum
Instrumental	*hlūdu	*hlūdum

Descendants

• Old Frisian: hlūd