Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/habbjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *habjaną.

Verb

*habbjan^[1]

to have

Inflection

Class 3 weak j-present
Infinitive	*habbjan
1st sg. past	*habdā
Infinitive	*habbjan
Genitive infin.	*habbjannjas
Dative infin.	*habbjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*habbjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*habbju	*habdā
2nd singular	*habēs	habdēs, habdōs
3rd singular	*habēþ	habdē, habdā
1st plural	*habbjum	*habdum
2nd plural	*habēþ	*habdud
3rd plural	*habbjanþ	*habdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*habbjē	*habdī
2nd singular	*habbjēs	*habdī
3rd singular	*habbjē	*habdī
1st plural	*habbjēm	*habdīm
2nd plural	*habbjēþ	*habdīd
3rd plural	*habbjēn	*habdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*habē
Plural	*habēþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*habbjandī	*habd

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: habban, hæbban
- Middle English: haven, have, haav, haf, hafe, haben, habben, heven, hawe, han, haan, ha
  - English: have (-'ve, -a)
  - Scots: hae, ha, hiv, have, hawe (-a)
  - Yola: ha, have
Old Frisian: hebba, habba
- North Frisian:
  Föhr-Amrum, Sylt: haa
  Hallig, Mooring: heewe
  Helgoland: hoa
- Saterland Frisian: häbe
- West Frisian: hawwe
Old Saxon: hebbian, heffian
- Middle Low German: hebben
  - Low German:
    - German Low German: hebben, hewwen
      - Westphalian:
        Münsterländisch: häbben, hävven
        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: häwwen, häbben
        Sauerländisch: hewwen, häbben, hänn, hann
        Westmünsterländisch: häbben
  - Plautdietsch: haben
Old Dutch: hebben
- Middle Dutch: hebben
  - Dutch: hebben
    - Afrikaans: hê
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: ha, habu
    - Javindo: geef
    - Jersey Dutch: hävve, häbbe
    - Negerhollands: ha, a, hab
  - Limburgish: höbbe
Old High German: habēn
- Middle High German: haben, hān
  - Alemannic German: haa, ha, heen, hoh, hä, häbä, hè
    Swabian: hau
  - Bavarian: hoom, hobm, hobn, hom, ho, hob
    Cimbrian: haban, hen, håm
    Mòcheno: hom
    Northern Bavarian: [hɔm]
  - Central Franconian: hann
    Hunsrik: hon
    Kölsch: han
    Luxembourgish: hunn
  - East Central German:
    Erzgebirgisch: hamm
    Upper Saxon German: ham, hom
    Vilamovian: hon
  - East Franconian:
  - German: haben
    Berlinerisch: ham
    Ruhrpöttisch: habn
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Frankfurterisch: [havə]; [hɑvə], [hɔvə] (older)
    Palatine German: hann, hawwe, hunn
    Pennsylvania German: hawwe
    Upper Hessian: hu, hunn
  - Yiddish: האָבן (hobn)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *habjaną.

Verb

*habbjan^[2]

to lift

Inflection

Strong class 6 j-present
Infinitive	*habbjan
1st sg. past	*hōb
3rd pl. past	*hōbun
Past ptcple	*haban
Infinitive	*habbjan
Genitive infin.	*habbjannjas
Dative infin.	*habbjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*habbjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*habbju	*hōb
2nd singular	*habiʀi	*hōbī
3rd singular	*habidi	*hōb
1st plural	*habbjum	*hōbum
2nd plural	*habid	*hōbud
3rd plural	*habbjand	*hōbun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*habbjē	*hōbī
2nd singular	*habbjēs	*hōbī
3rd singular	*habbjē	*hōbī
1st plural	*habbjēm	*hōbīm
2nd plural	*habbjēþ	*hōbīd
3rd plural	*habbjēn	*hōbīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*habi
Plural	*habid
	Present	Past
Participle	*habbjandī	*haban

Descendants

Old English: hebban, heffan
- Middle English: heven, heiven, heoven, hefen, hewen, hebben
  - English: heave (see there for further descendants)
  - Scots: heave, heve, hewe
  - Yola: heve, hev
Old Frisian: heva, hebba, heffa
- Saterland Frisian: hieuwje
- West Frisian: heffe
Old Saxon: hebbian, heffian
- Middle Low German: hēven, heffen
  - Low German: heven
Old Dutch: heffen
- Middle Dutch: heffen
  - Dutch: heffen
    - Afrikaans: hef
  - Limburgish: höffe
Old High German: heffen, hevan, heven
- Middle High German: heben, heven
  - Cimbrian: höoban
  - German: heben
  - Luxembourgish: hiewen

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 131: “PWGmc *habja- ~ *habē-”
^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *[habʲbʲan]”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 131: “PWGmc *habja- ~ *habē-”

[2] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *[habʲbʲan]”

[1]

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