Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yǖŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Proto-Turkic numbers ^(edit)

←  10	←  70	100	1,000  →	10,000  →
		10
Cardinal: *yǖŕ     Ordinal: *yǖŕünčü     Distributive: *yǖŕer     Collective: *yǖŕegü

Etymology 1

Numeral

*yǖŕ

1. hundred

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Bulgar: جُور (cǖr)
    • Chuvash: ҫӗр (śĕr)
• → Proto-Samoyedic: *jür
• Common Turkic:

• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: يُوزْ (yǖz)
    • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yüz)
      • Chagatai: [script needed] (yüz)
        • Uyghur: يۈز (yüz)
        • Uzbek: yuz
• Khalaj: yü̂z
• Kipchak:

  Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)

  Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yüz)

  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: жүз (jüz)
    • Southern Altai: јӱс (ǰüs)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: йөҙ (yöź)
    • Tatar: йөз (yöz)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: жүз (jüz)
    • Karakalpak: júz
    • Nogai: юз (yuz)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: yüz
    • Karaim:
    • Kumyk-Karachay:
      • Karachay-Balkar: жюз (jüz)
      • Kumyk: юз (yuz)
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: yüz
    • Gagauz: yüz
    • Ottoman Turkish: یوز (yüz)
      • Turkish: yüz
  • Turkmen-Khorasan:
    • Turkmen: ýüz
    • Salar: [script needed] (yüz)
• Siberian Turkic:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰇𐰕 (yüz)
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽳𐽴 (yüz)
    • Western Yugur: [script needed] (yöz), [script needed] (yuz)
  • Old Yenisei: 𐰙𐰇𐰕 (yüz)
  • Altai-Yenisei:
    • Khakas: чӱс (çüs)
    • Shor: чӱс
    • Northern Altai: чӱс (čüs)
  • Sayan:
    • Tuvan: чүс (çüs)
  • Yakut-Dolgan:
    • Dolgan: һүүс (hüüs)
    • Yakut: сүүс (süüs)

Etymology 2

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *nixür (“face”), see Mongolian нүүр (nüür). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*yǖŕ

1. (anatomy) face

Declension

Declension of *yǖŕ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yǖŕ
Accusative	*yǖŕüg, *yǖŕni1)
Genitive	*yǖŕnüŋ
Dative	*yǖŕke
Locative	*yǖŕte
Ablative	*yǖŕten
Allative	*yǖŕgerü
Instrumental 2)	*yǖŕün
Equative 2)	*yǖŕče
Similative 2)	*yǖŕleyü
Comitative 2)	*yǖŕlügü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫӑвар (śăvar)
• Medieval
  • Karakhanid: يُوزْ (yǖz)
  • Old Turkic
    • Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰇𐰕 (yüz)
    • Old Uyghur: ywz (yüz)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)
    • Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)
  • Khorezmian: [script needed] (yüz)
• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: yü̂z
• Oghuz
  • West Oghuz
    • Azerbaijani: üz
    • Gagauz: yüz
    • Ottoman Turkish: یوز (yüz)
      • Turkish: yüz
  • Salar
    • Salar: [script needed] (yüz), [script needed] (yiz)
  • East Oghuz
    • Turkmen: ýüz
• Kipchak
  • West Kipchak
    • Crimean Tatar: yüz
    • Kumyk: юз (yuz)
  • North Kipchak
    • Bashkir: йөҙ (yöź)
    • Tatar: йөз (yöz)
  • South Kipchak
    • Caspian
  • Kazakh: жүз (jüz)
    • Karakalpak: ju'z
    • Nogai: юз (yuz)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak
      • Kyrgyz: жүз (jüz)
      • Southern Altai: јӱс (ǰüs)
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: [script needed] (yüz)
    • Uzbek: yuz
    • Uyghur: يۈز (yüz)
• Siberian
  • North Siberian
    • Dolgan: һүүс (hüüs)
    • Yakut: сүүс (süüs)
  • South Siberian
    • Western Yugur: [script needed] (yüz)
    • Yenisei Turkic
      • Khakas: чӱс (çüs)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*nī́bŕo”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jǖŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yü:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 982