Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tümen
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
[edit]| ← 10 | ← 1,000 | 10,000 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: *tümen Ordinal: *tümeninč Distributive: *tümener Collective: *tümenegü | ||||
Etymology
[edit]Uncertain, possibly loaned from Tocharian A tmāṃ or Tocharian B tᵤmāne (“ten thousand”), ultimately from Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH, “myriad”).
Adverb
[edit]*tümen
Numeral
[edit]*tümen
Declension
[edit]| singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| nominative | *tümen |
| accusative | *tümenig, *tümenni1) |
| genitive | *tümenniŋ |
| dative | *tümenke |
| locative | *tümente |
| ablative | *tümenten |
| allative | *tümengerü |
| instrumental 2) | *tümenin |
| equative 2) | *tümenče |
| similative 2) | *tümenleyü |
| comitative 2) | *tümenligü |
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
Descendants
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- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Kipchak:
- Siberian:
References
[edit]- ^ Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)[1], Utrecht: LOT, page 527
- ^ Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 187
- ^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)[2] (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 983, page 632
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tümen”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 507-508
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tümen”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 504