Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tur-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*tur-

1. (intransitive) to stand

Usage notes

• In some way this verb had been turn to an auxiliary verb in both noun and verb sentences.

in verb sentence:

1. *Bu(-n) kēče yagmur yaga turur.

   It is raining tonight.

in noun sentence: (Equivalent to is)

1. *Bu(-n) kiĺi beniŋ ākam-tur.

   This person is my elder brother.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: тӑр (tăr)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: turmaq
• Proto-Oghuz: *dur-
  • West Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: durmaq, -dir
    • Ottoman Turkish: طورمق (durmak)
      • Turkish: durmak, -dir
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: durmak
• Karluk:
  • Uyghur: تۇرماق (turmaq)
  • Uzbek: turmoq
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: тороу (torow)
    • Tatar: туру (turu)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: turmaq
    • Karachay-Balkar: турарга (turarga)
    • Kumyk: турмакъ (turmaq)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: [script needed] (tur-)
    • Kazakh: тұру (tūru)
    • Nogai: турув (turuv)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: туруу (turuu)
    • Southern Altai: турар (turar)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: [script needed] (tur-)
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tur-)
    • Western Yugur: tur
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: тур (tur)
    • Yakut: тур (tur)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tuvan: турар (turar), тур (tur)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: турарға (turarğa)
      • Shor: турарға (turarğa)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 529-530
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 500
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Nauka, pages 296-301
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tur-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill