Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kīr-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*kīr-

1. (intransitive) to enter

   Antonym: *čïk-

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: кӗр (kĕr)
• Common Turkic: *kīr

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: كِیرْمَكْ (girmäk)
    • Azerbaijani: girmək
    • Gagauz: girmää
    • Ottoman Turkish: گیرمك (girmek)
      • Turkish: girmek
    • ⇒ Ottoman Turkish: گیورمك (“givirmek, güvürmek”)
  • Turkmen: gīrmek
  • Salar: gir
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: کِرْماكْ (kirmek)
    • Chagatai: كرماك (kirmek)
      • Uzbek: kirmoq
      • Uyghur: كىرمەك (kirmek)
• Kipchak:
  • ⇒ Kipchak: kriv (“entrance”) (Codex Cumanicus)
  • ⇒ Khorezmian Turkic: کیکورماک (kigürmäk)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: кереү (kerew)
    • Tatar: керү (kerü)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: kirmek
    • Kumyk: гирмек (girmek)
    • Karachay-Balkar: кирирге (kirirge)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Southern Altai: кирер (kirer)
      • Teleut кир
    • Kyrgyz: кирүү (kirüü)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: кириў
    • Kazakh: кіру (kıru)
    • Nogai: кируьв (kirüv)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰃𐰼 (kir²)
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kir-)
    • North Siberian:
      • Dolgan: киир
      • Yakut: киир (kiir)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tofa: кір
        • Tuvan: кирер (kirer)
      • Yenisei:
        • Shor: кир
        • Khakas: кир (kir)
        • Western Yugur: kʰïr-

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 735-736
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, pages 47-49
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 271
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*gīr”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill