Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/küreš-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Uncertain, with multiple possibilities:

• Nişanyan derives it from a hypothetical *küre- "to show strength", derived from *kür (“courageous, bold, dense, thick”).
• Erdal suggests a derivation from *küre- (“to desert, make oneself independent”) which he ultimately derives from *kür (“courageous, bold, dense, thick”).
• Clauson derives it from *küri- ~ *küre- (“to shovel”).
• Wilkens compares with Khotanese ggūrāsa- (“quarrel, dispute”) but does not elaborate.
• EDAL reconstructs *gerüĺ- based on *keriš- (“to quarrel”), however this is considered a seperate word derived from *ker- (“to stretch”).

Verb

*küreš-

(Common Turkic, reciprocal) to wrestle

Conjugation

Conjugation of *küreš- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive			*kürešmek
participle	present		*kürešgen, kürešigme, kürešür
	past		*kürešdük, kürešmiš
	future		*kürešdeči, kürešmekči, kürešsik, kürešeček
verbal noun			*kürešme, kürešig, kürešgü
way of doing			*kürešiš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*kürešür ben	*kürešür sen	*kürešür	*kürešür biz	*kürešür siz	*kürešür
	past	simple	*kürešdim	*kürešdiŋ	*kürešdi	*kürešdik, kürešdimiz	*kürešdiŋiz	*kürešdi
		inferential	*kürešmiš ben	*kürešmiš sen	*kürešmiš	*kürešmiš biz	*kürešmiš siz	*kürešmiš
	future	simple	*kürešdeči ben, kürešmekči ben, kürešeček ben	*kürešdeči sen, kürešmekči sen, kürešeček sen	*kürešdeči, kürešmekči, kürešeček	*kürešdeči biz, kürešmekči biz, kürešeček biz	*kürešdeči siz, kürešmekči siz, kürešeček siz	*kürešdeči, kürešmekči, kürešeček
		predictive	*kürešgey ben	*kürešgey sen	*kürešgey	*kürešgey biz	*kürešgey siz	*kürešgey
		necessitive	*kürešsikim	*kürešsikiŋ	*kürešsik	*kürešsikimiz	*kürešsikiŋiz	*kürešsik
conditional			*kürešsem, kürešser ben	*kürešseŋ, kürešser sen	*kürešse, kürešser	*kürešsek, kürešsemiz, kürešser biz	*kürešseŋiz, kürešser siz	*kürešseler, kürešser
optative			*kürešgey ben	*kürešgey sen	*kürešgey	*kürešgey biz	*kürešgey siz	*kürešgey
progressive			*kürešmekde ben	*kürešmekde sen	*kürešmekde	*kürešmekde biz	*kürešmekde siz	*kürešmekde
necessitative			*kürešmelig ben	*kürešmelig sen	*kürešmelig	*kürešmelig biz	*kürešmelig siz	*kürešmelig
imperative			*kürešeyin	*küreš, kürešgil	*kürešzün	*kürešelim	*kürešiŋ	*kürešzün
Negative
infinitive			*kürešmemek
participle	present		*kürešmegen, kürešmegme, kürešmez
	past		*kürešmedük, kürešmemiš
	future		*kürešmeči, kürešmesik, kürešmeyeček
verbal noun			*kürešmeme, kürešmeg, kürešmegü
way of doing			*kürešmeyiš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*kürešmez ben	*kürešmez sen	*kürešmez	*kürešmez biz	*kürešmez siz	*kürešmez
	past	simple	*kürešmedim	*kürešmediŋ	*kürešmedi	*kürešmedik, kürešmedimiz	*kürešmediŋiz	*kürešmedi
		inferential	*kürešmemiš ben	*kürešmemiš sen	*kürešmemiš	*kürešmemiš biz	*kürešmemiš siz	*kürešmemiš
	future	simple	*kürešmeči ben, kürešmeyeček ben	*kürešmeči sen, kürešmeyeček sen	*kürešmeči, kürešmeyeček	*kürešmeči biz, kürešmeyeček biz	*kürešmeči siz, kürešmeyeček siz	*kürešmeči, kürešmeyeček
		predictive	*kürešmegey ben	*kürešmegey sen	*kürešmegey	*kürešmegey biz	*kürešmegey siz	*kürešmegey
		necessitive	*kürešmesikim	*kürešmesikiŋ	*kürešmesik	*kürešmesikimiz	*kürešmesikiŋiz	*kürešmesik
conditional			*kürešmesem, kürešmeser ben	*kürešmeseŋ, kürešmeser sen	*kürešmese, kürešmeser	*kürešmesek, kürešmesemiz, kürešmeser biz	*kürešmeseŋiz, kürešmeser siz	*kürešmeseler, kürešmeser
optative			*kürešmegey ben	*kürešmegey sen	*kürešmegey	*kürešmegey biz	*kürešmegey siz	*kürešmegey
progressive			*kürešmemekde ben	*kürešmemekde sen	*kürešmemekde	*kürešmemekde biz	*kürešmemekde siz	*kürešmemekde
necessitative			*kürešmemelig ben	*kürešmemelig sen	*kürešmemelig	*kürešmemelig biz	*kürešmemelig siz	*kürešmemelig
imperative			*kürešmeyeyin	*kürešme, kürešmegil	*kürešmezün	*kürešmeyelim	*kürešmeyiŋ	*kürešmezün

Derived terms

• *küreš (“wrestling”)

Descendants

• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (güreşmek)
    • Azerbaijani: güləş
    • Ottoman Turkish: كورشمك (güreşmek)
      • Turkish: güreşmek, güreş
      • Gagauz: güresmää, güres
  • Turkmen: göreşmek, göreş
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: كرشماك (küreşmēk)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (küreş-), [script needed] (küreş)
      • Uzbek: kurash
      • Uyghur: كۈرەش (küresh)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: көрәш (körəş)
    • Tatar: көрәш (köräş)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: күрес (küres)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: күрөш (küröş)
      • Southern Altai: кӱреш (küreš)
  • → Chuvash: кӗреш (kĕreš)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kürešmek)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: күрэс (küres)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: хүреш (xüreş)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “küreş-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 747-748
• Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎^[2], volume II, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 563
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “güreşmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 310
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*gErüĺ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 444