Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sverěpъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From earlier *(e)svorěpъ, from *esva (“horse”) + *rěpъ (“bur, burdock”). For the loss of the initial vowel, cf. Old Prussian sweikis (“plowhorse”) (from *asveikīs); according Machek it was assimilated under influence of -ě-. Such etymology is supported by the dialectal Czech equivalent koňský řepíček "horse's Agrimonium", Romanian borrowings from Church Slavonic: sireáp and svireáp (“rampant (on a horse)”) and Czech and Old Polish descendants meaning "stallion", "mare"[1].
According to Brückner: from *svarъ + *-ěpъ[2].
Noun
[edit]*sverěpъ m[1]
Alternative forms
[edit]- *sverěpa f
Declension
[edit]Declension of *sverěpъ (hard o-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sverěpъ | *sverěpa | *sverěpi |
| genitive | *sverěpa | *sverěpu | *sverěpъ |
| dative | *sverěpu | *sverěpoma | *sverěpomъ |
| accusative | *sverěpъ | *sverěpa | *sverěpy |
| instrumental | *sverěpъmь, *sverěpomь* | *sverěpoma | *sverěpy |
| locative | *sverěpě | *sverěpu | *sverěpěxъ |
| vocative | *sverěpe | *sverěpa | *sverěpi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Blažek, Václav (2009) “Kam ta slova zmizela? O chybějících slovanských kontinuantech indoevropských etymonů”, in Ilona Janyšková, Helena Karlíková, editors, Studia etymologica Brunensia[1] (in Czech), volume 6, Prague: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, →ISBN, pages 38-39
- ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “świerzepa”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
Etymology 2
[edit]Unclear:
- Machek, Snoj: From *sve- (“self”) + *rěpъ (“clinging”), originally meaning “one who relies on themselves”.
- Miklošič, Fortunatov: Akin to Lithuanian šiur̃pti (“to bristle, to shiver”).
- Mladenov: Related to Lithuanian sver̃ti (“to scale, to weigh”), svìrtis (“lever”), svarùs (“important”), Latvian svērt (“to weigh”), Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”) (effectively from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“grave”) + *-ěpъ). Potebnja also relates dial. Russian осве́р (osvér, “lever arm”), possibly сверёжой (sverjóžoj, “wayward”) to this set of cognates.
- V. Merkulova: From the root of *sur- (“raw”) + *-ěpъ.
- Holzer: Possibly derived from a non-Slavic IE substrate (again + *-ěpъ), cognate with native *zvěrь (“beast”).
The origin of the elusive suffix *-ěpъ in the last three proposals is uncertain. Found also in dialectal terms such as *kъrlěpъ (“sticky”) (> dial. Serbo-Croatian крлијеп, stand. крпељ (“tick”) (via metathesis)), *skorěpъ (“hollow”) (> Czech skоřера (“husk”)).
Vasmer, Brückner, Jagić, Blažek discuss the adjective alongside the noun, (presumably) implying kinship between the two.
Adjective
[edit]*sverěpъ[1]
Declension
[edit]Indefinite declension of *sverěpъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sverěpъ | *sverěpa | *sverěpo |
| genitive | *sverěpa | *sverěpy | *sverěpa |
| dative | *sverěpu | *sverěpě | *sverěpu |
| accusative | *sverěpъ | *sverěpǫ | *sverěpo |
| instrumental | *sverěpomь | *sverěpojǫ | *sverěpomь |
| locative | *sverěpě | *sverěpě | *sverěpě |
| vocative | *sverěpe | *sverěpo | *sverěpo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *sverěpa | *sverěpě | *sverěpě |
| genitive | *sverěpu | *sverěpu | *sverěpu |
| dative | *sverěpoma | *sverěpama | *sverěpoma |
| accusative | *sverěpa | *sverěpě | *sverěpě |
| instrumental | *sverěpoma | *sverěpama | *sverěpoma |
| locative | *sverěpu | *sverěpu | *sverěpu |
| vocative | *sverěpa | *sverěpě | *sverěpě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *sverěpi | *sverěpy | *sverěpa |
| genitive | *sverěpъ | *sverěpъ | *sverěpъ |
| dative | *sverěpomъ | *sverěpamъ | *sverěpomъ |
| accusative | *sverěpy | *sverěpy | *sverěpa |
| instrumental | *sverěpy | *sverěpami | *sverěpy |
| locative | *sverěpěxъ | *sverěpaxъ | *sverěpěxъ |
| vocative | *sverěpi | *sverěpy | *sverěpa |
Definite declension of *sverěpъ (hard)
Derived terms
[edit]- *sverěpostь, *sverěpota (abstract nouns)
Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “свире́пый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “свиреп”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 553
- “šiurpti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
[edit]- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “srep”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *svȇrpъ, *sverě̋pъ”
Categories:
- Proto-Slavic compound terms
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic nouns
- Proto-Slavic masculine nouns
- Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns
- Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns
- Proto-Slavic terms prefixed with *sve-
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ěpъ
- Proto-Slavic adjectives
- Proto-Slavic hard adjectives
- sla-pro:Plants