Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kušati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Iterative of *kusiti (“to probe, to trail”) +‎ *-jati, of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to test, try”). In Slavic languages where *ǫ > *u, *kušati has merged with native *kǫšati (“to bite off”) (from *kǫsъ (“bite”)).

Verb

*kùšati impf (perfective *kusnǫti)

1. to degustate
2. to offer a meal, to feed

   → (reflexive) (+ *sę) to have a meal, to eat

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kušati, *kuša, *kušajetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kušanьje	*kušati	*kušatъ	*kušalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kušanъ	*kušajemъ
Active	*kušavъ	*kušaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kušaxъ	*kuša	*kuša	*kušajǫ	*kušaješi	*kušajetь
Dual	*kušaxově	*kušasta	*kušaste	*kušajevě	*kušajeta	*kušajete
Plural	*kušaxomъ	*kušaste	*kušašę	*kušajemъ	*kušajete	*kušajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kušaaxъ	*kušaaše	*kušaaše	—	*kušaji	*kušaji
Dual	*kušaaxově	*kušaašeta	*kušaašete	*kušajivě	*kušajita	—
Plural	*kušaaxomъ	*kušaašete	*kušaaxǫ	*kušajimъ	*kušajite	—

Related terms

• *kusiti (“to probe, to trail”)
• *kušenьje (“probing, temptation”)
• *kusъ (“probe, taste”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: кушати (kušati)
    • Belarusian: ку́шаць (kúšacʹ), куша́цьца (kušácʹca)
    • Russian: ку́шать (kúšatʹ), куша́ться (kušátʹsja)
    • Ukrainian: ку́шати (kúšaty), куштува́ти (kuštuváty)
• South Slavic:
  • ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: въкоушати (vŭkušati)
  • Bulgarian: ку́шам (kúšam) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: куша (kuša, “to babble”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ку̏шати

    Latin script: kȕšati

  • Slovene: kúšati
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kušat
    • Czech: zkoušet
  • Old Polish: kuszać

References

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kušati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 138
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кушать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кушати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 169
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кушам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 174