Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krěpъkъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Extended from *krěpъ + *-ъkъ. According to Derksen[1], possibly akin to Icelandic hræfa (“to endure, to tolerate”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁p-. Kroonen[2] considers a possible (but not certain) borrowing from Germanic.
See also Proto-Slavic *krěti, *krějati/*krьjati (“to recover, to gather strength”) (whence Bulgarian крея (kreja), Czech křáti).
Adjective
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Indefinite declension of *krěpъkъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *krěpъkъ | *krěpъka | *krěpъko |
| genitive | *krěpъka | *krěpъky | *krěpъka |
| dative | *krěpъku | *krěpъkě | *krěpъku |
| accusative | *krěpъkъ | *krěpъkǫ | *krěpъko |
| instrumental | *krěpъkomь | *krěpъkojǫ | *krěpъkomь |
| locative | *krěpъkě | *krěpъkě | *krěpъkě |
| vocative | *krěpъke | *krěpъko | *krěpъko |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krěpъka | *krěpъkě | *krěpъkě |
| genitive | *krěpъku | *krěpъku | *krěpъku |
| dative | *krěpъkoma | *krěpъkama | *krěpъkoma |
| accusative | *krěpъka | *krěpъkě | *krěpъkě |
| instrumental | *krěpъkoma | *krěpъkama | *krěpъkoma |
| locative | *krěpъku | *krěpъku | *krěpъku |
| vocative | *krěpъka | *krěpъkě | *krěpъkě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krěpъki | *krěpъky | *krěpъka |
| genitive | *krěpъkъ | *krěpъkъ | *krěpъkъ |
| dative | *krěpъkomъ | *krěpъkamъ | *krěpъkomъ |
| accusative | *krěpъky | *krěpъky | *krěpъka |
| instrumental | *krěpъky | *krěpъkami | *krěpъky |
| locative | *krěpъkěxъ | *krěpъkaxъ | *krěpъkěxъ |
| vocative | *krěpъki | *krěpъky | *krěpъka |
Definite declension of *krěpъkъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кре́пкий”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krěpъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 134
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krěpъkъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 134
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krějati/*krьjati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 130
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “крепък”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 735
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*krěpъkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 246: “adj. o (a) ‘strong’”
- ^ G. Kroonen (2010) “Proto-Germanic *krēpja- and Proto-Slavic *krěpъ 'strong'”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies, Vol. 38[1], pages 402-408
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “krépek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *krě̑pъkъ”