Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Hard to identify:

• Matzenauer (in regard to the Czech descendant): Perhaps cognate with Latin creō (“to produce, to beget”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to increase”).
• Georgiev (in regard to the Bulgarian descendant): Unlikely related to Lithuanian skriẽti (“to spin, to turn around”), Latvian skriet (“to run”). The latter are akin instead to Proto-Slavic *krivъ (“curved”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krey- (“to revolve”), from *(s)ker-.

Because of the contrastive meanings and the dialectal attestation, there is no certainty if all the descendants are actually cognates.

Verb

*krěti impf

1. (probably originally) to intensify, to magnify
   1. → (in Northern languages) to gather strength, to recuperate, to invigorate
   2. → (in dialectal Bulgarian, Russian) to wilt, to aggravate

Alternative forms

• *krьjati, *krějati

Inflection

Conjugation of *krěti, *krě, *krějetь (impf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*krětьje	*krěti	*krětъ	*krělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*krětъ	*krějemъ
Active	*krěvъ	*krěję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*krěxъ	*krě	*krě	*krějǫ	*krěješi	*krějetь
Dual	*krěxově	*krěsta	*krěste	*krějevě	*krějeta	*krějete
Plural	*krěxomъ	*krěste	*krěšę	*krějemъ	*krějete	*krějǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*krěaxъ	*krěaše	*krěaše	—	*krěji	*krěji
Dual	*krěaxově	*krěašeta	*krěašete	*krějivě	*krějita	—
Plural	*krěaxomъ	*krěašete	*krěaxǫ	*krějimъ	*krějite	—

Related terms

• (probably) *krěvati, *krěviti (“to advance, to enhance”)

Descendants

From primary *krěti:

• East Slavic:
  • >? Russian: хрять (xrjatʹ, “to feel sick”) (dialectal, listed as a descendant in ESSJa)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: кре́я (kréja, “to wilt”) (dialectal)

From extended *krějati:

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: крея́ть (krejátʹ, “to improve”) (dialectal)
  • Ukrainian: крія́ти (krijáty, “to gather strength”)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kříti (“to gather strength”)

From secondary *krьjati:

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: крия́ць (krijácʹ, “to start recovering”)
  • Ukrainian: крия́ти (kryjáty)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: křáti
    • ⇒ Czech: okřát (“to get better”)
  • ⇒ Slovak: okriať (“to invigorate”)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*krějati/*krьjati, *krějǫ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 99
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хрять”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “крія́ти”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “крея¹ (гл.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 5