Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dira
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the intensive stem *dir- + *-a of Proto-Slavic *dьrati (“to tear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”).
Derksen tentatively mentions a possible influence from Proto-Indo-European *deyH-r- (“to appear, to illuminate”), whence Lithuanian dyrėti (“to look for”)[1].
Noun
[edit]*dìra f[2]
Declension
[edit]Declension of *dira (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dira | *dirě | *diry |
| genitive | *diry | *diru | *dirъ |
| dative | *dirě | *dirama | *diramъ |
| accusative | *dirǫ | *dirě | *diry |
| instrumental | *dirojǫ, *dirǫ** | *dirama | *dirami |
| locative | *dirě | *diru | *dirasъ, *diraxъ* |
| vocative | *diro | *dirě | *diry |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Polabian: dară
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: dâră
Further reading
[edit]- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dira”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 30
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*diŕa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 31
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “диря”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 396
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “dirjati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “dyrėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dira, *diŗa”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 107: “f. ā, f. jā 'crack, hole'”