Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *boljěti (Trubachev (ESSJa))

Etymology

• Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel(H)-; cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balwjan, “to martyr”), Old Norse bǫlva (“to curse”), Old Irish bealaim (“to die”). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂w- (Ancient Greek φλαῦρος (phlaûros, “bad, inferior”), Old Norse blauðr (“timid”)) alongside *bʰelh₂-.
• Trubachev (ESSJa): Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bel- (“strong”) by taboo replacement; cognate with Sanskrit बल (bálaṃ, “strength, power”), Ancient Greek βελτίων (beltíōn, “better”), Russian большо́й (bolʹšój, “big, great”).

Verb

*bolě̀ti impf

1. to ache

Inflection

Conjugation of *bolěti, *bolě, *bolitь (impf., intr., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bolěnьje	*bolěti	*bolětъ	*bolělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*bolěvъ	*bolę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bolěxъ	*bolě	*bolě	*boľǫ	*boliši	*bolitь
Dual	*bolěxově	*bolěsta	*bolěste	*bolivě	*bolita	*bolite
Plural	*bolěxomъ	*bolěste	*bolěšę	*bolimъ	*bolite	*bolętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bolěaxъ	*bolěaše	*bolěaše	—	*boli	*boli
Dual	*bolěaxově	*bolěašeta	*bolěašete	*bolivě	*bolita	—
Plural	*bolěaxomъ	*bolěašete	*bolěaxǫ	*bolimъ	*bolite	—

Derived terms

• *bȏlь (“pain”)
• *bolěžьka
• *bolěznь

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: болѣти (bolěti)
    • Old Belarusian: болѣти (bolěti)
      • Belarusian: бале́ць (baljécʹ)
    • Russian: боле́ть (bolétʹ)
    • Ukrainian: болі́ти (bolíty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: болѣти (bolěti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

    → Romanian: a boli

  • Bulgarian: боли́ (bolí), боля́ (boljá, “to be ill”)
  • Macedonian: боли (boli)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: бо̀љети

    Latin script: bòljeti

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): bolȉti
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): bolȅt
  • Slovene: bolẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: bolěti
    • Czech: bolet
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): bolít
  • Polabian: bülĕ (3sg.)
  • Polish: boleć
  • Slovak: bolieť
  • Slovincian: bôlec
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: boleć
    • Lower Sorbian: bóleś

• Non-slavic:
  • Romanian: boli

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bolěti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 187