Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ęzykъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Early Proto-Slavic *inzū́˙kas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *inźūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. By surface analysis, **ęzy +‎ *-kъ.

Noun

*ęzỳkъ m

1. tongue

   *dь̀lgъ ęzỳkъ ― big mouth, long-tongued

   *zъlъ ęzỳkъ ― wicked tongue, carping tongue

   *ęzỳci ogňì, *ęzỳci pòlmene ― tongues of fire

   *dьržati ęzỳkъ za zǫby ― keep one's lips sealed, hold one's tongue

   *mèlti ęzỳkъmь ― to expatiate, to spout, to rant (to speak tediously and at length)

2. language

Inflection

Declension of *ęzỳkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ęzỳkъ	*ęzỳka	*ęzỳci
genitive	*ęzỳka	*ęzỳku	*ęzỳkъ
dative	*ęzỳku	*ęzỳkoma	*ęzỳkomъ
accusative	*ęzỳkъ	*ęzỳka	*ęzỳky
instrumental	*ęzỳkъmь, *ęzỳkomь*	*ęzỳkoma	*ęzỳkȳ
locative	*ęzỳcě	*ęzỳku	*ęzỳcě̄xъ
vocative	*ęzỳče	*ęzỳka	*ęzỳci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *ęzyčiti
• *ęzyčьcь
• *ęzyčьkъ
• *ęzyčьnica
• *ęzyčьnikъ
• *ęzyčьnъ
• *ęzyčьskъ
• *ęzykati
• *ęzykovati
• *ęzykovъ

 

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ѧзꙑкъ (językŭ), ꙗзꙑкъ (jazykŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: ѧзы́къ (jazýk), єзы́къ (jezýk)
      • Belarusian: язы́к (jazýk)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: язы́к (jazŷ́k)
      • Ukrainian: язи́к (jazýk)
    • Russian: язы́к (jazýk)
  • Old Novgorodian: ѩꙁꙑке (języke)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⱗⰸⱏⰹⰽⱏ (językŭ)

    Old Cyrillic script: ѩзꙑкъ (językŭ)

    • Bulgarian: ези́к (ezík), е́нзик (énzik), индзи́к (indzík) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: јазик (jazik)

  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: јѐзик

    Latin script: jèzik

    • Slavomolisano: jezik
  • Slovene: jézik (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: jazyk, zazyk
    • Czech: jazyk
  • Old Polish: język
    • Polish: język
    • Silesian: jynzyk
  • Old Slovak: jazyk
    • Pannonian Rusyn: язик (jazik)
    • Slovak: jazyk
  • Polabian: jǫzĕk
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: jãzëk
    • Slovincian: jãzëk
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: jězyk
    • Upper Sorbian: jazyk

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “язык”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “язык”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 467
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ęzykъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 74
• Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1991), “ęzykъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 6 (e! – ěždžь), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN