Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/krap

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology 1

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khljəp (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *krap (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986; Weidert, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991); *krɑp (Chou, 1972)

Verb

*krap

1. to weep

Descendants

• Old Chinese: 泣 /*k-r̥əp/ (B-S); /*kʰrɯb/ (ZS) ("to weep")
  • Middle Chinese: 泣 /kʰɣiɪp/
    • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 泣 (qì, /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/)
• Kamarupan
  • North Assam
    • Tani

      /*krap/ ("weep") (Sun, 1993)

  • Kuki-Chin

    *krap-I, kraʔ-II (“weep, cry”) (VanBik, 2009)

    • Central Chin
      • Lushai [Mizo]: ṭap, ṭah (“to cry, weep, lament”)
  • "Naga"
    • Northern Naga

      /*krəp/ ("weep") (French, 1983)

    • Tangkhulic

      /*cap/ ("weep") (Mortensen, 2012)

• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: ཁྲབ་ཁྲབ (khrab khrab, “weeper, one that sheds tears on every occasion”)
    • Tamangic

      *ᴬkra, ᴮkraː (“cry, weep”) (Mazaudon, 1994)

  • Kiranti

    /*khrap/ ("weep") (Michailovsky, 1991)

• Jingpho-Asakian
  • Jingpho
    • Jingpho [Kachin]: hkrap (“to weep, cry”)

See also

• *ŋəw (“to cry”)
• *s-r(j)a-j/s/t (“to laugh”)
• *g-r(j)ap (“to stand”)

Etymology 2

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *krap/krəp (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *krap (Matisoff, STEDT)

Noun

*krap

1. shell; shield

Descendants

• Old Chinese: 甲 (*[k]ˁr[a]p (B-S); *kraːb (ZS), “shell”)
  • Middle Chinese: 甲 (jiǎ) /kˠap̚/
    • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 甲 (jiǎ) (jiǎ, /t͡ɕi̯a̠²¹⁴/)
    • → Common Turkic: *kāp