Reconstruction:Proto-Mon-Khmer/d₂luuŋ

This Proto-Mon-Khmer entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Although the label of Proto-Mon-Khmer has mostly been abandoned or rejected, this reconstruction, which sourced from Shorto (2006)'s reconstruction for Proto-Mon-Khmer, currently does not have an appropriate Proto-Austroasiatic reconstruction. This reconstruction therefore should not be taken at face value as a state-of-the-art reconstruction for Proto-Austroasiatic, but instead ought to be treated as a valid cognate set.

Proto-Mon-Khmer

Etymology

Proto-Mon-Khmer: *d₂luuŋ ~ *d₂luŋ ~ *d₂luəŋ ~ *d₂ləŋ (Shorto, 2006, #747)

Perhaps a derivate of Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋ(h) ~ *luuŋ(h) ~ *ləŋ(h) (“to hollow, excavate, bore”). According to Sidwell (2006), Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ (“boat”) may be borrowed from this root.

Noun

*d₂luuŋ

boat

Descendants

Khasic: *lɛɛŋ (Sidwell, 2012)
- Khasi: lieng
Proto-Bahnaric: *pluŋ (< *d₂pluŋ) (Sidwell, 2011)
- Central Bahnaric
  - Bahnar: plŭng
- South Bahnaric
  - Sre: plung
  - Mnong: plung
Proto-Palaungic: *-lɔːŋ (Sidwell, 2015)
- Palaung-Riang
  - Riang: cənluaŋ
- Waic
  - Lawa (Umphai): ʔloŋ
Khmuic
- Khmu: ຈລອງ (clɔːŋ)
Monic
- Old Mon: dluṅ
  - Middle Mon: gluṅ
    - Modern Mon: ဂၠုၚ် (klɜ̀ŋ)
>? Old Javanese: joṅ
- > Javanese: ꦗꦺꦴꦁ (jong) (inherited)
  - → English: djong
  - → Malay: jong
    - > Indonesian: jung (inherited)
    - → Arabic: جُنْك (junk)
      - → Dutch: jonk, djonk
      - → Portuguese: junco, junquo, jungo
        → English: junk
        → Italian: giunco, giunca, giunchi (plural), giunche (plural), zonchi (plural)
        → French: jonque
        → German: Junke, Juncke, Dschunke
        → Latin: junkus, iunca, iuncus
        → Dutch: ionco, iunco
        → Italian: ioncque
        → French: ionct
        → Spanish: iuncque
        → Spanish: junco, juanga, joanga

Synonyms