Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qaʀəm

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *qaʀəm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qaʀəm/

Noun

*qaʀəm

1. pangolin, scaly anteater

Descendants

• Basap–Greater Barito:
  • Basap: arem
  • East Barito:
    • Northeast:
      • Benuaq: ayapm
      • Paser: ayom
      • Tawoyan: ayem
    • Southeast:
      • Dusun Witu: ayem
      • Ma'anyan: ayem
  • Mahakam:
    • Tunjung: ahapm
  • West Barito:
    • Kadorih: ahom
    • Ngaju: ahem
• Land Dayak:
  • Bidayuh–Rejang:
    • Biatah Bidayuh: ūūm
    • Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: ūhūm
    • Hliboi: uopm
    • Sungkung: ɨɨpm
• Kayanic: *ahəm
  • Kayan–Murik:
    • Kayan:
      • Bahau: aam
      • Busang Kayan: ham
      • Wahau Kayan: ham
    • Murik–Merap:
      • Ngorek: am
  • Segai–Modang:
    • Modang:
      • Mei Lan: ham
      • Long Gelat: ham
      • Woq Helaq: ham
    • Segai:
      • Gaai: ham
      • Kelai: ham
• North Borneo:
  • Central Sarawak:
    • Melanau–Kajang:
      • Kajang:
        • Kajaman: aam
        • Lahanan: aam
        • Sekapan: aam
      • Melanau:
        • Central Melanau: aam
        • Kanowit: ayem
    • Punan–Müller-Schwaner:
      • Müller-Schwaner (Punan): *aham
        • Aoheng: aham
        • Hovongan: ham
        • Kereho: aham
      • Punan: *ayam
        • Bukat: eam, ayəm
        • Punan Bah-Biau: am
        • Punan Tubu: am
        • Ukit: ayam
  • Proto-North Sarawak:
    • Berawan–Lower Baram:
      • Berawan:
        • Batu Belah: am
        • Long Jegan: akem
      • Lower Baram:
        • Kiput: arəm
    • Dayic (Apo Duat):
      • Kelabit: arem
      • Lun Bawang: arem
    • Kenyah: *aham
      • Highland A:
        • Lepoʼ Gah: aam
        • Lepoʼ Laang: aam
        • Lepoʼ Sawa: aam
      • Highland B:
        • Badeng: aam
        • Lepoʼ Tau: aam
      • Lowland:
        • Eastern:
          • Umaʼ Pawe: aam
        • Western:
          • Lebo' Vo': aam
          • Penan:
            • Eastern Penan: aham
            • Western Penan: aam

Further reading

• Alexander D. Smith, 2017, The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification, dissertation, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
• Blust, R., Trussel, S. (2010–) Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition‎^[1]
• Wolff, J. U. (2010) Proto-Austronesian Phonology with Glossary, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications