Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cāčáyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćāčáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱok-éye-ti, from *ḱek- (“to be able, capable”) +‎ *-éyeti. Compare Old Irish cécht (“might, power”), Sanskrit शक् (śak, “to be able”).

Verb

*cāčáyati

1. to prepare, make ready
2. to make, build

Derived terms

• *aHcāčáyati (+ *aH-)
  • Sogdian: (“suitable, compatible”)

    Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼀𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼋 (ʾʾsʾɣtk /⁠āsaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)

    Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ʾsʾqy)

    • → Persian: آسغده (âsağdah, “prepared, disposed”)
• *fracāčáyati (+ *fra- (“toward, forward”))
  • Ossetian: (“to drive, strike, stick in”)

    Digor Ossetian: ræsaʒun

  • Sogdian: (“to train, teach, tame”)

    Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼊 (ʾβsʾɣty, 3sg.pres.ind.act.), 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼉𐼑𐼀𐼛 (ʾβsʾxsʾt, 3sg.pres.subj.act.), 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼉𐼑𐼀𐼊 (ʾβsʾxsʾy, 3sg.pres.opt.act.), 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼋 (ʾβsʾɣtk /⁠(ə)fsaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)

• *hamcāčáyati (+ *ham- (“together, joint, paired”))
  • Khwarezmian: 𐾽𐾿𐾹𐾿𐾰𐿂 (msxsʾr, “to be reconciled”, 3pl.impf.act.), [script needed] (msʾcyd, “get ready, prepare”, impf.)
  • Middle Persian: (“to make ready; to fix, dispose”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫍𐫀𐫅 (hsʾcyhʾd /⁠hassāzēhād⁠/, 3sg.subj.act.), 𐫍𐫘𐫀𐫟𐫎 (hsʾxṯ, ta-ptc.)

  • Sogdian: (“to prepare, fix, dispose”)

    Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼎𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼀𐼋 (ʾnsʾɣtʾk /⁠ansaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)

• *nicāčáyati (+ *ni-)
  • Parthian: (“to prepare, make ready”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫏𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫅 (nysʾcʾd /⁠nisāžād⁠/, 2pl.subj.act.), 𐫗𐫏𐫘𐫀𐫉𐫏𐫅 (nysʾzyd /⁠nisāžēd⁠/, pl.impv.)

• *paticāčáyati (+ *pati-)
  • Parthian: (“to make, prepare, fashion, arrange, build”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫅 (psʾcyd /⁠passāžēd⁠/)

  • Middle Persian: (“to make, prepare, fashion, arrange, build”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫗𐫅 (psʾcynd /⁠passāzēnd⁠/, 3pl.pres.act.)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (psʾcyt /⁠passāzēd⁠/)

  • Sogdian: (/⁠patsāč-⁠/, “to arrange, order”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫤𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫖 (ptsʾcym, 1pl.pres.subj.act.), 𐫛𐫤𐫘𐫄𐫤𐫏𐫏 (ptsɣtyy /⁠patsaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)

    Sogdian script: 𐼾𐽂𐼼𐼰𐼲𐽂𐼷 (ptsʾɣty), 𐼾𐽂𐼼𐼰𐼲𐽂𐼸 (ptsʾɣtk /⁠patsaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)

    Old Sogdian script: 𐼔𐼚𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼋 (ptsʾɣtk /⁠patsaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)

    Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ptsʾcy, 2sg.pres.ind.act.)

    • → Persian: پاساخت (pâsâxt), Persian: پسغده (pasağdah, “disposed, prepared, experienced”)
  • → Old Armenian: պատշաճեմ (patšačem, “to conform, agree”), պատշաճ (patšač, “suitable, proper”)
• *wicāčáyati (+ *wi-)
  • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (mwsxs-, “to disconnect”)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬆𐬨 (sācaiiaṇtəm)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (sājäti)
  • Ossetian: (“to place (in), dig in; to build, construct”)

    Digor Ossetian: садзун (saʒun), сагъд (saǧd)

    Iron Ossetian: садзын (saʒyn), сагъд (saǧd)

  • Sogdian: (“to be proper, behove; to be necessary”)

    Sogdian script: 𐼼𐼰𐼿𐽂 (sʾct)

    Old Sogdian script: 𐼑𐼀𐼕𐼛 (sʾct)

• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: ساتل (sātə́l, “to defend, protect; guard, watch over”)
  • → Yazghulami: [script needed] (saǰ-, “to prepare (a bed, etc.)”)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: سَاچِیت (sāčit, “to adjust, be suitable, agree”)
  • Kermanic: (“to do, build”)

    Abuzeydabadi, Abyanehi, Nayini, Tari: sāta

    Anaraki, Varzenehi: sāte

    Ardestani, Isfahani: satän

    Gazi: sāt (“to be reconciled with”)

    Jowshaqani: sātan

    Khunsari, Mahallati: sāt (“to prepare, do”)

  • Parthian: (“to prepare, make”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫅 (sʾcyd /⁠sāžēd⁠/, pl.impv.), 𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫅 (sʾcʾd /⁠sāžād⁠/, pp.II)

• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian: (“to make, prepare”)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (sʾcyt /⁠sāzēd⁠/)

    • Persian: ساختن (sâxtan)