Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/(h)rabā́š

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Uncertain; from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)rabʰā́ćš ~ *(s)rabʰaćás, from *(s)rabʰ- +‎ *-ā́ćš (animal and plant suffix), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps ~ *(s)rabʰ-és (“turnip, rape”), perhaps borrowed from a substrate language. Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *srebʰ- (“to slurp”).^[1]

Noun

*(h)rabā́š ~ *(h)rabacáh m^[2]

Related terms

*(h)rábnah (< *(s)rábʰnas)
- Yagnobi: рена (réna), ренна (rénna, “rhubarb”)

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Yagnobi: роба (rōbá), роwа (rōwá, “fennell”)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: رواش (rawā́š, “rhubarb”)
- Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (rov, “rhubarb”)
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (rūv, “rhubarb”)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *rǣw (“rhubarb”)
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *rīw
    - Munji: [script needed] (rīf)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (rīv)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *rǣw
    - Shughni: рӣв (rīv)
    - Yazghulami: [script needed] (rev, “type of edible thick stemmed plant”)
    - ⇒ Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *rǣwičak (+ *-ič + *-ak)
      - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *rǣwcak, *rǣwjak
        Shughni: рeвцак (revcak, “plant resembling Ferula kokanica, but with a rosette of leaves and no fruits”) (Khufi), ре̂вjак (rêvjak), рeвцак (revcak, “inedible mountain grass”) (Khughni)
      - Yazghulami: равҷаг (ravǰag, “rhubarb”)
        → Shughni: рав̌ҷакв̌ох̌ (rawǰakwōx̌), ривсeкв̌ох̌ (rivsekwōx̌, “willow herb, sp. Chamaenerion angustifolium”) (Roshani) (+ в̌ох̌ (wōx̌, “root”))
      - → Uzbek: ravoch
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: رواش (rawāš, “rhubarb”)
- Northern Kurdish: ribêz, rêvas, rêwaz (“rhubarb”)
  Central Kurdish: ڕێواس (rêwas)
  
  Northern Kurdish: rêwas, rêvaz
- Zazaki: rıbês (“rhubarb”)
- → Khowar: [script needed] (riwiṣ̌)
- → Middle Persian: *rebāz
  - Persian: ریواج (rivâj), ریباج (ribâj)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *rabaθah
  - Middle Persian:
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lypʾs /⁠rēbās,^[3] rēbāh^[4]⁠/)
    - Classical Persian: ریباس (ribâs)
      - Dari: رو (raw) (dialectal, Badakhshi)
      - Iranian Persian: ریواس (rivâs), ریباس (ribâs)
      - Tajik:
        Darvazi: ров (rov), рова (rova, “Ferula grigoriewii”)
        
        Tajik: ров (rov, “rhubarb”)
        
        → Shughni:^[5]
        Khufi: rūv, rūw (“Ferula kokanica”)
        
        Khughni: rōv (“Ferula assa-foetida”)
        
        Roshani: rův
      - → Arabic: رِيبَاس (rībās) (see there for further descendants)
      - → Classical Syriac: ܪܝܒܣ (rybs, “rhubarb”)
    - ⇒ Middle Persian: *rēwand
      - Classical Persian: ریوند (rāwand, revand, riwand)
        → Arabic: رَاوَنْد (rāwand), رِوَنْد (riwand), رِيوَنْد (rīwand)
        → Middle Armenian: ռաւանդ (ṙawand), ռեւանդ (ṙewand), ըռեւանդ (əṙewand), ըրեւանդ (ərewand), ռաւանդիսենի (ṙawandiseni), ռեւանդսենի (ṙewandseni),
        → Kipchak: [script needed] (rauand)
        Tatar: ravan, rāuan
        → Ottoman Turkish: راوند (ravend)
        Turkish: ravent
        → Albanian: raven
        → Armenian: ռավենտ (ṙavent)
        → Greek: ραβέντι (ravénti), ρεβέντι (revénti)
        → Romanian: revent
        → Russian: реве́нь (revénʹ)
        → Ukrainian: ре́вінь (révinʹ)
        → Uzbek: revand
      - → Ancient Greek: ῥῆον (rhêon) [50-70 CE, Dioscorides], ῥᾶ (rhâ, “rhubarb”) [129-210 CE, Galenus] (< earlier *rewon)^[6]
      - → Classical Syriac: ܪܐܘܢܕ (rʾwnd), ܪܝܘܢܕ (rywnd), ܪܘܢܕ (rwnd), ܪܐܘܢ (rʾwn), ܪܝܘܢ (rywn, “rhubarb”)
  - →? Ancient Greek: λάπαθον (lápathon), λάπαθος (lápathos, “monk's rhubarb, Rumex acetosa”) [550-460 BCE, Epicharmos; 371-287 BCE, Theophrastus]
    - →? Albanian: lëpjetë (or via Latin)
    - → Latin: lapathum
→? Proto-Slavic: *loboda (see there for further descendants)
→? Proto-Turkic: *alabuda (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1973) “Chapter 22: A Vedic word in some modern Hindu Kush languages?”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
^
^{The template Template:R:ira:Morgenstierne:1938 does not use the parameter(s): volume=II
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “rīv”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 244
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “rēbās”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
^ Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2007) Introduction to Pahlavi‎^[1], Cambridge
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1974) “rōv”, in Etymological Vocabulary of the Shughni Group (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 6), Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 69b
^ Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, page 548

[Morgenstierne-1] Morgenstierne, Georg (1973) “Chapter 22: A Vedic word in some modern Hindu Kush languages?”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[2] {The template Template:R:ira:Morgenstierne:1938 does not use the parameter(s): volume=II
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “rīv”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 244

[3] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “rēbās”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

[4] Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2007) Introduction to Pahlavi‎^[1], Cambridge

[5] Morgenstierne, Georg (1974) “rōv”, in Etymological Vocabulary of the Shughni Group (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 6), Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 69b

[6] Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, page 548

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