Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/namrás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *nm̥-ró-s, from *nem- (“to bend”) +‎ *-rós (adjective suffix).^[1]

Adjective

*namrás^[2]

submissive, humble

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *namrás
- Sanskrit: नम्र (namrá)
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: নাম (nam, “bottom”)
  - → Hindi: नम्र (namra)
  - Urdu: نمر (namr)
Proto-Iranian: *namráh
- Old Avestan: 𐬥𐬄𐬨𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (nąmišta, superl.) (Old Avestan)
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬨𐬭𐬀 (namra) (in compounds)
- Gurani: نەرم (narm), نەرمە (narma)
- Northern Kurdish: nerm (narm)
- Parthian: 𐫗𐫖𐫡 (nmr, “soft”)
- Middle Persian: (/narm/, "humble, soft")^[3]
  Manichaean: 𐫗𐫡𐫖 (nrm)
  
  Pahlavi: [script needed] (nlm)
  - Persian: نرم (narm)
    - → Urdu: نرم (narm)
    - → Hindi: नरम (naram)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (nmr)
- Zazaki: nerm (narm)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “narm”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag

[2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[3] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “narm”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

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