Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰr̥dʰás
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Proto-Indo-Iranian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”).[1]
Noun
[edit]*gʰr̥dʰás m
Declension
[edit]masculine a-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *gʰr̥dʰás | *gʰr̥dʰā́ | *gʰr̥dʰā́, -ā́s(as) |
vocative | *gʰr̥dʰa | *gʰr̥dʰā́ | *gʰr̥dʰā́, -ā́s(as) |
accusative | *gʰr̥dʰám | *gʰr̥dʰā́ | *gʰr̥dʰā́ns |
instrumental | *gʰr̥dʰā́ | *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *gʰr̥dʰā́yš |
ablative | *gʰr̥dʰā́t | *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas |
dative | *gʰr̥dʰā́y | *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām | *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas |
genitive | *gʰr̥dʰásya | *gʰr̥dʰáyās | *gʰr̥dʰā́na(H)m |
locative | *gʰr̥dʰáy | *gʰr̥dʰáyaw | *gʰr̥dʰáyšu |
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰás
- Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dáh[3]
- Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gərəδa, “daeva cave”)
- Old Persian: *gr̥dah (“household slaves”)[1]
- Middle Persian: (“the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew”)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾl /gāl/)
- → Akkadian: 𒃼𒁺 (qardu; gardu) (disputed, more likely from 𒃼𒁺 (/gardu/, “soldier, military personnel, trooper”))
- → Aramaic: גרדא (grdʾ)
- → Elamite: 𒆳𒌨 (kurtaš)
- Middle Persian: (“the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew”)
- Persian: کرت (kart, “plot, field, patch”)
- → Old Armenian: գերդաստան (gerdastan, “body of servants and captives”) (or inherited from Indo-European)
- → Proto-Permic: *gɔrt (“home”) (from an uncertain early Iranian language) (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “gerdastan”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 209
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gaḍha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 213
- ^ Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “gāl”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 80ab
Categories:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰerdʰ-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas
- Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns
- Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns
- Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ-
- iir-pro:Buildings
- Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns