Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰr̥dʰás

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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (to enclose).[1]

    Noun

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    *gʰr̥dʰás m

    1. enclosure
    2. house

    Declension

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    masculine a-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *gʰr̥dʰás *gʰr̥dʰā́ *gʰr̥dʰā́, -ā́s(as)
    vocative *gʰr̥dʰa *gʰr̥dʰā́ *gʰr̥dʰā́, -ā́s(as)
    accusative *gʰr̥dʰám *gʰr̥dʰā́ *gʰr̥dʰā́ns
    instrumental *gʰr̥dʰā́ *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *gʰr̥dʰā́yš
    ablative *gʰr̥dʰā́t *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas
    dative *gʰr̥dʰā́y *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas
    genitive *gʰr̥dʰásya *gʰr̥dʰáyās *gʰr̥dʰā́na(H)m
    locative *gʰr̥dʰáy *gʰr̥dʰáyaw *gʰr̥dʰáyšu

    Descendants

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    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰás
    • Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dáh[3]
      • Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gərəδa, daeva cave)
      • Old Persian: *gr̥dah (household slaves)[1]
        • Middle Persian: (the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾl /⁠gāl⁠/)
        • Akkadian: 𒃼𒁺 (qardu; gardu) (disputed, more likely from 𒃼𒁺 (/⁠gardu⁠/, soldier, military personnel, trooper))
        • Elamite: 𒆳𒌨 (kurtaš)
      • Persian: کرت (kart, plot, field, patch)
      • Old Armenian: գերդաստան (gerdastan, body of servants and captives) (or inherited from Indo-European)
      • Proto-Permic: *gɔrt (home) (from an uncertain early Iranian language) (see there for further descendants)

    References

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    1. 1.0 1.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “gerdastan”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 209
    2. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gaḍha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 213
    3. ^ Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “gāl”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 80ab