गृह

See also: गेहूँ and गोह

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás

Sanskrit गृह (gṛha)lbor.

Hindi गृह (gŕh)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गृह (gṛha). Doublet of घर (ghar).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɡɾiːɦ/, [ɡɾiːʱ], /ɡɾɪ.ɦᵊ/

Noun

गृह • (gŕh) m (Urdu spelling گرہ)

house, dwelling, habitation
Synonyms: घर (ghar), मकान (makān), भवन (bhavan)

Declension

Declension of गृह (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	गृह gŕh	गृह gŕh
oblique	गृह gŕh	गृहों gŕhõ
vocative	गृह gŕh	गृहो gŕho

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “गृह”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 160.
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “गृह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 274

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

গৃহ (Assamese script)
ᬕᬺᬳ (Balinese script)
গৃহ (Bengali script)
𑰐𑰴𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀕𑀾𑀳 (Brahmi script)
ဂၖဟ (Burmese script)
ગૃહ (Gujarati script)
ਗ੍ਰਹ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌗𑍃𑌹 (Grantha script)
ꦒꦽꦲ (Javanese script)
𑂏𑃂𑂯 (Kaithi script)
ಗೃಹ (Kannada script)
គ្ឫហ (Khmer script)
ຄ຺ຣິຫ (Lao script)
ഗൃഹ (Malayalam script)
ᡤᡵᡳᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘐𑘵𑘮 (Modi script)
ᠺᠷᠢᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦰𑧖𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
𑐐𑐺𑐴 (Newa script)
ଗୃହ (Odia script)
ꢔꢺꢲ (Saurashtra script)
𑆓𑆸𑆲 (Sharada script)
𑖐𑖴𑖮 (Siddham script)
ගෘහ (Sinhalese script)
𑩞𑩙𑪂 (Soyombo script)
𑚌𑚩 (Takri script)
க்³ரிஹ (Tamil script)
గృహ (Telugu script)
คฺฤห (Thai script)
གྲྀ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
𑒑𑒵𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
𑨍𑨼𑨉𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás

Sanskrit गृह (gṛha)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás (“house”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“enclosure”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “city”), English yard.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡr̩.ɦɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡr̩.ɦɐ/

Noun

गृह • (gṛhá) stem, m or n

a house, habitation, home, dwelling
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.49.1:
  उषो॑ भ॒द्रेभि॒रा ग॑हि दि॒वश्चि॑द्रोच॒नादधि॑ ।
  वह॑न्त्वरु॒णप्स॑व॒ उप॑ त्वा सो॒मिनो॑ गृ॒हम् ॥
  úṣo bhadrébhirā́ gahi diváścidrocanā́dádhi.
  váhantvaruṇápsava úpa tvā somíno gṛhám.
  Uṣas, come by auspicious way from the bright firmament; let the purple kine bring you to the dwelling of the offer of Soma.
assistant, servant
the inhabitants of a house, family
1. wife; householder
(at the end of a compound, with names of gods) a temple
चण्डिकागृह ― caṇḍikāgṛha ― a temple of Durgā

देवतागृह ― devatāgṛha ― temple, chapel
(at the end of a compound, with name of plants) a bower

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गृह
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृहः (gṛhaḥ)	गृहौ (gṛhau) गृहा¹ (gṛhā¹)	गृहाः (gṛhāḥ) गृहासः¹ (gṛhāsaḥ¹)
vocative	गृह (gṛha)	गृहौ (gṛhau) गृहा¹ (gṛhā¹)	गृहाः (gṛhāḥ) गृहासः¹ (gṛhāsaḥ¹)
accusative	गृहम् (gṛham)	गृहौ (gṛhau) गृहा¹ (gṛhā¹)	गृहान् (gṛhān)
instrumental	गृहेण (gṛheṇa)	गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhābhyām)	गृहैः (gṛhaiḥ) गृहेभिः¹ (gṛhebhiḥ¹)
dative	गृहाय (gṛhāya)	गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhābhyām)	गृहेभ्यः (gṛhebhyaḥ)
ablative	गृहात् (gṛhāt)	गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhābhyām)	गृहेभ्यः (gṛhebhyaḥ)
genitive	गृहस्य (gṛhasya)	गृहयोः (gṛhayoḥ)	गृहाणाम् (gṛhāṇām)
locative	गृहे (gṛhe)	गृहयोः (gṛhayoḥ)	गृहेषु (gṛheṣu)

¹Vedic
In later Sanskrit only the plural forms of the masculine were used.

Neuter a-stem declension of गृह
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृहम् (gṛham)	गृहे (gṛhe)	गृहाणि (gṛhāṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛhā¹)
vocative	गृह (gṛha)	गृहे (gṛhe)	गृहाणि (gṛhāṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛhā¹)
accusative	गृहम् (gṛham)	गृहे (gṛhe)	गृहाणि (gṛhāṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛhā¹)
instrumental	गृहेण (gṛheṇa)	गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhābhyām)	गृहैः (gṛhaiḥ) गृहेभिः¹ (gṛhebhiḥ¹)
dative	गृहाय (gṛhāya)	गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhābhyām)	गृहेभ्यः (gṛhebhyaḥ)
ablative	गृहात् (gṛhāt)	गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhābhyām)	गृहेभ्यः (gṛhebhyaḥ)
genitive	गृहस्य (gṛhasya)	गृहयोः (gṛhayoḥ)	गृहाणाम् (gṛhāṇām)
locative	गृहे (gṛhe)	गृहयोः (gṛhayoḥ)	गृहेषु (gṛheṣu)

¹Vedic
Used only in the sense "house".

Noun

गृह • (gṛhá) stem, n

wife
zodiac sign
an astrological mansion
name of the 4th astrological mansion
(chess) square

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of गृह
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृहम् (gṛham)	गृहे (gṛhe)	गृहाणि (gṛhāṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛhā¹)
vocative	गृह (gṛha)	गृहे (gṛhe)	गृहाणि (gṛhāṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛhā¹)
accusative	गृहम् (gṛham)	गृहे (gṛhe)	गृहाणि (gṛhāṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛhā¹)
instrumental	गृहेण (gṛheṇa)	गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhābhyām)	गृहैः (gṛhaiḥ) गृहेभिः¹ (gṛhebhiḥ¹)
dative	गृहाय (gṛhāya)	गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhābhyām)	गृहेभ्यः (gṛhebhyaḥ)
ablative	गृहात् (gṛhāt)	गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhābhyām)	गृहेभ्यः (gṛhebhyaḥ)
genitive	गृहस्य (gṛhasya)	गृहयोः (gṛhayoḥ)	गृहाणाम् (gṛhāṇām)
locative	गृहे (gṛhe)	गृहयोः (gṛhayoḥ)	गृहेषु (gṛheṣu)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

गेह (geha)

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha) (see there for further descendants)
Dardic:
- Kashmiri: گَرٕ (garụ), गरॖ (garụ)
Pali: gaha, ghara
- → Khmer: ឃរ (khɔɔ) (learned)
→ Bengali: গৃহ (grihô) (learned)
→ Hindustani: (learned)
Hindi: गृह (gŕh)
→ Kannada: ಗೃಹ (gṛha) (learned)
→ Malay: gerha (learned)
- Indonesian: gerha
→ Malayalam: ഗൃഹം (gr̥haṁ), കിരിയം (kiriyaṁ) (learned)
→ Nepali: गृह (gr̥ha) (learned)
→ Old Javanese: gṛha, gerha, greha, griya (learned)
- Javanese: graha, griya
  - → Indonesian: gerha, graha, greha, griya
→ Old Javanese: ghāra (“wife”)
- Javanese: ꦒꦂꦮ (garwa, “wife”)
  - → Indonesian: garwa
  - → Sundanese: ᮌᮁᮝ (garwa)
→ Old Khmer: graha (learned)
- Khmer: គ្រឹហា (krɨhaa)
→ Odia: ଗୃହ (gruha) (learned)
→ Tamil: கிரகம் (kirakam), கிருகம் (kirukam)
→ Telugu: గృహము (gr̥hamu) (learned)
→ Thai: คฤห (krʉ́) (learned)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “गृह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0361/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 495