Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sek-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Root

*sek-^[4]

to cut, cut off, sever
Synonym: *ḱes-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sek- (56 c, 0 e)

*sek-eh₂-yé-ti^[5] or *sek-h₁-yé-ti^[1]^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sekā́ˀtei
  - Proto-Slavic: *sěkati
- Proto-Italic: *sekajō^[1]^[2]
  - Latin: secō (see there for further descendants)
*sk-éy-ti (*éy-present)
*h₁en-sek-^[4]^[5]
- Proto-Celtic: *ensek-^[6]
  - Middle Irish: eiscid (“cuts off”)
*sék-no-m^[4]
- Proto-Italic: *seknom^[7]
  - Latin: signum (see there for further descendants)
*sēk-teh₂-^[4]^[5]
- Albanian: shat (“hoe, mattock”)
*sḗk-ti ~ *sék-n̥ti (root present)^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sektei^[8]
  - Proto-Slavic: *sěťi (“to cut”) (see there for further descendants)
*sék-tleh₂^[4]
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: secula (see there for further descendants)
*sek-ūr-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *sekyra (“axe”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: secūris (see there for further descendants)
*sek-yeh₂-^[9]
- Proto-Celtic: *sekets^[6]
  - Middle Irish: seiche (“skin, hide”)
*sek-yó-m^[4]^[9]
- Proto-Germanic: *segją (“hard skin”)^[9]
  - Old Norse: sigg
*sok-éh₂^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *sagō^[5] (see there for further descendants)
*(s)ker- (perhaps)
*(s)kh₂-éy-d(H)- (perhaps)

*sek-s-

*séks-keh₂^[4]
- Proto-Celtic: *sexskā, *sexskis (“rushes, sedge”)^[6]
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Middle Breton: hesk
      - Breton: hesq
    - Cornish: heschen, hesc
    - Middle Welsh: hescenn
  - Middle Irish: seise
*séks-u-s
- Proto-Italic: *seksus
  - Latin: sexus (see there for further descendants)
*soks-ó-m^[10]
- Proto-Germanic: *sahsą^[10] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *saksom
  - Latin: saxum

Unsorted formations

Latin: sacēna
(possibly) Proto-Germanic: *seglą (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*sekH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 524
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page secō, -āre of 550-551
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “sĕk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 895-896
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sagō-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sex-skā/ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 331
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page sīgnum
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “įsėkti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*segja-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sahsa-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*sekH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 524

[EDL_secō-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page secō, -āre of 550-551

[3] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[Pokorny-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “sĕk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 895-896

[Kroonen_sagō-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sagō-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421

[Matasovic-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*sex-skā/ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 331

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page sīgnum

[8] Derksen, Rick (2015) “įsėkti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205

[Kroonen_segja-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*segja-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430

[Kroonen_sahsa-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sahsa-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421

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