Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ósdos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly connected in some way to Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hádᶻgas (“knot (in a plant), branch, twig”) (e.g. Sanskrit अद्ग (ádga-, “knot (in wood), sprout (of bamboo), cane”), Middle Persian ʾzg (“twig”)) and Proto-Celtic *odbos ~ *osbos (“knot”) (Old Irish odb, Middle Welsh oddf), which seem to reflect Proto-Indo-European *Hód(s)gʷos (“knot, shoot”). In that case, both *Hód(s)gʷos and *h₃ósdos (note also their complementary distribution) might be different simplifications of the same original compound word, the first element of which may tentatively be identified with *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”). However, compare also Ancient Greek ὄσχος (óskhos), ὠσχός (ōskhós, “young branch”), which perhaps show substrate alternations.

Noun

*h₃ósdos m (non-ablauting)

1. branch
2. twig

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*h₃ósdos
genitive	*h₃ósdosyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₃ósdos	*h₃ósdoh₁	*h₃ósdoes
vocative	*h₃ósde	*h₃ósdoh₁	*h₃ósdoes
accusative	*h₃ósdom	*h₃ósdoh₁	*h₃ósdoms
genitive	*h₃ósdosyo	*?	*h₃ósdoHom
ablative	*h₃ósdead	*?	*h₃ósdomos, *h₃ósdobʰos
dative	*h₃ósdoey	*?	*h₃ósdomos, *h₃ósdobʰos
locative	*h₃ósdey, *h₃ósdoy	*?	*h₃ósdoysu
instrumental	*h₃ósdoh₁	*?	*h₃ósdōys

Descendants

• ⇒? Proto-Anatolian: *Hasdwer (+ *-wer)
  • Hittite: 𒄩𒀸𒁺𒂊𒅕 (ḫa-aš-du-e-er, “twig(s), brushwood; splinter (of bone?)”)
• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: ոստ (ost)
• Proto-Germanic: *astaz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *ózdos
  • Ancient Greek: ὄζος (ózos), ὔσδος (úsdos) — Aeolic
    • Greek: όζος (ózos)