Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁sónts

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Participle

*h₁sónts

1. active participle of *h₁ésti

Declension

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*h₁sónts	*h₁séntih₂
genitive	*h₁sn̥tés	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁sónts	*h₁sónth₁(e)	*h₁sóntes
vocative	*h₁sónt	*h₁sónth₁(e)	*h₁sóntes
accusative	*h₁sóntm̥	*h₁sónth₁(e)	*h₁sóntm̥s
genitive	*h₁sn̥tés	*?	*h₁sn̥tóHom
ablative	*h₁sn̥tés	*?	*h₁sn̥tmós, *h₁sn̥tbʰós
dative	*h₁sn̥téy	*?	*h₁sn̥tmós, *h₁sn̥tbʰós
locative	*h₁sént, *h₁sénti	*?	*h₁sn̥tsú
instrumental	*h₁sn̥téh₁	*?	*h₁sn̥tmís, *h₁sn̥tbʰís
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁séntih₂	*h₁séntih₂h₁(e)	*h₁séntih₂es
vocative	*h₁séntih₂	*h₁séntih₂h₁(e)	*h₁séntih₂es
accusative	*h₁séntih₂m̥	*h₁séntih₂h₁(e)	*h₁séntih₂m̥s
genitive	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂s	*?	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂oHom
ablative	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂s	*?	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂mos, *h₁sn̥tyéh₂bʰos
dative	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂ey	*?	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂mos, *h₁sn̥tyéh₂bʰos
locative	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂, *h₁sn̥tyéh₂i	*?	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂su
instrumental	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂h₁	*?	*h₁sn̥tyéh₂mis, *h₁sn̥tyéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁sónt	*h₁sóntih₁	*h₁sónth₂
vocative	*h₁sónt	*h₁sóntih₁	*h₁sónth₂
accusative	*h₁sónt	*h₁sóntih₁	*h₁sónth₂
genitive	*h₁sn̥tés	*?	*h₁sn̥tóHom
ablative	*h₁sn̥tés	*?	*h₁sn̥tmós, *h₁sn̥tbʰós
dative	*h₁sn̥téy	*?	*h₁sn̥tmós, *h₁sn̥tbʰós
locative	*h₁sént, *h₁sénti	*?	*h₁sn̥tsú
instrumental	*h₁sn̥téh₁	*?	*h₁sn̥tmís, *h₁sn̥tbʰís

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *sana
  • Albanian: gjë (“thing”)
  • Albanian: senë (“thing”)
• Proto-Anatolian: *ʔsṓnts (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • Lithuanian: sañt
  • Proto-Slavic: *sy (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *sonts
  • Old Irish: os, as, es, is
    • Middle Irish: os
• Proto-Germanic: *sanþaz (“real, true”), *sundī (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *ehónts
  • Ancient Greek: ἐών (eṓn), ὤν (ṓn)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hsáns (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *sonts
  • Latin: sōns (“guilty, criminal”), (ab-sēns, prae-sēns)

Further reading

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 615