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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gew-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Root

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*gew-[1][2]

  1. to bend, curve
  2. arch, vault

Derived terms

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Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gew- (5 c, 0 e)
  • *gewd- (“bag, stomach”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *kūtiz (“bag, stomach, gut”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gudóm (“intestines”)[2]
  • *gugā
    • German: Kugel (“ball, orb”)
    • Russian: гугля (guglja, “bump, lump”)
    • Lithuanian: gugà (“hump, hill”)
  • *gewl- (“vessel, cub”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *kiulijǭ, *kūlǭ (“bump, hole”) (see there for further descendants)
      • English: kile (“ulcer, sore”)
      • German: Keule (“club”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *kūliz (“round vessel, ball, bag, sack”)
  • *gewlos (“vessel, bowl”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *keulaz (“ship”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gewp- ~ *gup- (“round object, knoll; cavity”)
    • *gewp-eh₂
    • *gup-eh₂
      • Ancient Greek: γῡ́πη (gū́pē)
      • Proto-Germanic: *kubô (see there for further descendants)
        • >? Proto-Germanic: *kubnáz > *kuppaz (“round object, bowl, skull, knoll”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *gup-tó-s
  • *gewt- (“pouch, sack”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *keudō (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *kuddô (“bag, pod, sack, purse”) (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Germanic: *kudilǭ (“cuttlefish, squid, cephalopod”) (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *kweþuz (“belly,stomach, womb”) (via inversion *gewt- > *gʷet-?) (see there for further descendants)
  • (perhaps) *gówr̥ (“curl”)[3]
    • ⇒ Proto-Indo-European: *gow-ro-s (“lock of hair”)[2]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gauras
        • Latvian: gauri pl (“pubes”)
        • Lithuanian: gauraĩ pl (“curls of hairs”)[4]
        • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *guriti (“to hunch, to bow”) (possibly)
      • Proto-Germanic:
        • Norwegian: kaure (“curly lock of hair”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Indo-European: *gow-no-s (“furry, shaggy”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gawnám (“fur”)
        • → Proto-Slavic: *guna, *guňa (“coat, rag”) (could also be native)
          • → Byzantine Greek: γούνα (goúna, “fur, fur garment”)
            • → Latin: gunna (see there for further descendants)
  • *gu-r-nos (“back”)[2]
    • Old Armenian: կուռն (kuṙn) (possibly)
    • Balto-Slavic:
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: կոր (kor, “curved, crooked”)
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • >? Proto-Slavic: *guja (“serpent”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Germanic:
      • Proto-Germanic: *gut- (“gut, entrail, intestine”) (perhaps via archaic phonology, as *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”) doesn't make much sense)
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: γῡρός (gūrós, “round”)
        • Ancient Greek: γῦρος (gûros, “a circle, a ring”) (substantivized)

References

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  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gēu-, gəu-, gū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 393
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 383
  3. ^ Adams, Douglas (1988) “The Indo-European Words for Hair: Reconstructing a Semantic”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies, volume 16, page 72
  4. ^ “gaurai”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
  5. ^ “gurnas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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