Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mṓ

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Cognates with a different ablaut:

• *-mn̥
• *-mḗn

See also *-h₃onh₂- and *-ō.

Suffix

*(e/Ø)-mṓ m

1. Creates agent nouns from verbs.

Usage notes

According to Yates, derivatives with this suffix can be divided into three groups across Indo-European:

• One group inherited the e-grade roots used with *-mn̥ when used to make secondary derivatives of *-mn̥ nouns.
• A second group is the primary independent deradical derivatives, attached directly to roots. This group has a zero-grade root, *sh₂imṓ being one example.
• A third group is the non-primary independent derivatives, attached to some other base word. They generally inherit the root vocalism of the base word.

Inflection

As reconstructed by Yates (2022):

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*(e/Ø)-mṓ
genitive	*(e/Ø)-nés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(e/Ø)-mṓ	*(e/Ø)-mónh₁(e)	*(e/Ø)-mónes
vocative	*(e/Ø)-món	*(e/Ø)-mónh₁(e)	*(e/Ø)-mónes
accusative	*(e/Ø)-mónm̥	*(e/Ø)-mónh₁(e)	*(e/Ø)-mónm̥s
genitive	*(e/Ø)-nés	*?	*(e/Ø)-nóHom
ablative	*(e/Ø)-nés	*?	*(e/Ø)-n̥mós, *(e/Ø)-n̥bʰós
dative	*(e/Ø)-néy	*?	*(e/Ø)-n̥mós, *(e/Ø)-n̥bʰós
locative	*(e/Ø)-mén, *(e/Ø)-méni	*?	*(e/Ø)-n̥sú
instrumental	*(e/Ø)-néh₁	*?	*(e/Ø)-n̥mís, *(e/Ø)-n̥bʰís

This supersedes the traditionally reconstructed amphikinetic paradigm:

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*(é)-mō
genitive	*(Ø)-nés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-mō	*(é)-monh₁(e)	*(é)-mones
vocative	*(é)-mon	*(é)-monh₁(e)	*(é)-mones
accusative	*(é)-monm̥	*(é)-monh₁(e)	*(é)-monm̥s
genitive	*(Ø)-nés	*?	*(Ø)-nóHom
ablative	*(Ø)-nés	*?	*(Ø)-n̥mós, *(Ø)-n̥bʰós
dative	*(Ø)-néy	*?	*(Ø)-n̥mós, *(Ø)-n̥bʰós
locative	*(Ø)-mén, *(Ø)-méni	*?	*(Ø)-n̥sú
instrumental	*(Ø)-néh₁	*?	*(Ø)-n̥mís, *(Ø)-n̥bʰís

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-mṓ

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/léymō

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pléwmō

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sh₂imṓ

Descendants

• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-mō
  • Lithuanian: -muo
  • Proto-Slavic: *-my
• Proto-Celtic: *-mū
  • Old Irish: -em
• Proto-Hellenic: *-mōn
  • Ancient Greek: -μων (-mōn)
• Proto-Germanic: *-mô (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-mā́
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-mā́
    • Sanskrit: -मन् m (-mán)
  • Proto-Iranian: *-mā
    • Avestan: -𐬨𐬀 (-ma), -𐬨𐬀𐬥 (-man)
• Proto-Italic: *-mō
  • Latin: -mōnium, -mōnia