Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱl̥néyti

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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From *ḱley- (to incline) +‎ *-né- (nasal infix).

Verb

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*ḱl̥néyti (imperfective)[1]

  1. to be leaning, sloped, bent

Inflection

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Imperfective, athematic
3rd singular *ḱl̥néyti
3rd plural *ḱln̥yénti
Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *ḱl̥néymi *ḱl̥nḗm *ḱl̥néyoh₂ *ḱln̥yyéh₁m̥
2nd singular *ḱl̥néysi *ḱl̥néys *ḱl̥néy, *ḱln̥ydʰí *ḱl̥néyesi *ḱln̥yyéh₁s
3rd singular *ḱl̥néyti *ḱl̥néyt *ḱl̥néytu *ḱl̥néyeti *ḱln̥yyéh₁t
1st dual *ḱln̥ywós *ḱln̥ywé *ḱl̥néyowos *ḱln̥yih₁wé
2nd dual *ḱln̥ytés *ḱln̥ytóm *ḱln̥ytóm *ḱl̥néyetes *ḱln̥yih₁tóm
3rd dual *ḱln̥ytés *ḱln̥ytā́m *ḱln̥ytā́m *ḱl̥néyetes *ḱln̥yih₁tā́m
1st plural *ḱln̥ymós *ḱln̥ymé *ḱl̥néyomos *ḱln̥yih₁mé
2nd plural *ḱln̥yté *ḱln̥yté *ḱln̥yté *ḱl̥néyete *ḱln̥yih₁té
3rd plural *ḱln̥yénti *ḱln̥yént *ḱln̥yéntu *ḱl̥néyonti *ḱln̥yih₁ént
Participle *ḱln̥yónts
Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *ḱln̥yh₂ér *ḱln̥yh₂é *ḱl̥néyoh₂er *ḱln̥yih₁h₂é
2nd singular *ḱln̥yth₂ér *ḱln̥yth₂é *ḱln̥ysó *ḱl̥néyeth₂er *ḱln̥yih₁th₂é
3rd singular *ḱln̥ytór, *ḱln̥yór *ḱln̥ytó, *ḱln̥yó *? *ḱl̥néyetor *ḱln̥yih₁tó, *ḱln̥yih₁ó
1st dual *ḱln̥ywósdʰh₂ *ḱln̥ywédʰh₂ *ḱl̥néyowosdʰh₂ *ḱln̥yih₁wédʰh₂
2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
1st plural *ḱln̥ymósdʰh₂ *ḱln̥ymédʰh₂ *ḱl̥néyomosdʰh₂ *ḱln̥yih₁médʰh₂
2nd plural *ḱln̥ydʰh₂wé *ḱln̥ydʰh₂wé *ḱln̥ydʰh₂wé *ḱl̥néyedʰh₂we *ḱln̥yih₁dʰh₂wé
3rd plural *ḱln̥yn̥tór, *ḱln̥yrór *ḱln̥yn̥tó, *ḱln̥yró *? *ḱl̥néyontor *ḱln̥yih₁ró
Participle *ḱln̥ym̥h₁nós

Reconstruction notes

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Rebuilt as *ḱlíneti ~ *ḱlinénti via schwebeablaut and leveling.

Descendants

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  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ślíntei
  • Proto-Germanic: *hlināną (rebuilt as nā-present[2]) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *klíňňō (perhaps secondary from *klínō + *-yō[3][4])
  • Proto-Italic: *kleinō[5] (< secondary full-grade *ḱléyneti ~ *ḱlinénti)
    • Latin: clīnō (slope, bend) (see there for further descendants)

References

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  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ḱlei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 332
  2. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hlinēn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231:*ḱli-neh₂-
  3. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1988) The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European[2], Brill, page 144
  4. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κλίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 717:*klin-je/o-
  5. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-clīnō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 121:*kl(e)in-e/o-