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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰleh₁-

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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Thought to be a reanalyzed root from *ǵʰel- (“to shine”) +‎ *-éh₁ti (fientive verb suffix), whence also *ǵʰley- (“to shine”).[1] Often mistakenly undifferentiated from *ǵʰelh₃- (“to flourish; green, yellow”).

Root

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*ǵʰleh₁-[1][2][3]

  1. to shine, glow
  2. to be shining, glowing

Alternative reconstructions

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Derived terms

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  • *ǵʰléh₁-se-ti (se-present) or *ǵʰlḗh₁-s-t ~ *ǵʰléh₁-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
    • Proto-Germanic: *glēsaną (“to shine”)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glastaz[8]
        • Proto-West Germanic: *glast (“shine, brightness”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēsijaną (“to make shiny”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēz- (“shining” or “shine”)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēzōną (+ *-ōną)
          • Proto-West Germanic: *glāʀōn (“to shine, glare”) (see there for further descendants)
          • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glēzą
            • Proto-West Germanic: *glāʀ (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰlóh₁-e-ti (o-grade intensive)[3] or *ǵʰe-ǵʰlóh₁-e ~ *ǵʰe-ǵʰl̥h₁-ḗr (reduplicated stative)
    • Proto-Germanic: *glōaną (“to glow”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gladaz (“shining, bright”) (< pre-Gmc. *gʰlə-tó-s[9] (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh̥₁-tó-s[10])) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glanaz (“shine; ember”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glandz (“shining, glowing”, pres.ptc.) (< pre-Gmc. *gʰl-ónt-s (quasi-PIE *ǵʰlh₁-ónt-s))
        • Proto-West Germanic: *glandī (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōdiz (“glow; embers”) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōdijaną (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *glōraz[11] (+ *-raz)
        • Proto-West Germanic: *glōr (“something glowing, ember”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰelh₁-o-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *gelos (“shining, white”) (or < *ǵʰel-o-s) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰleh₁-mó-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *glēmaz (“twilight; moon”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰl̥h₁-dʰ-ró-s[13][14]
    • Proto-Italic: *ɣlaðros
      • >? Latin: glaber (“smooth”)
  • *ǵʰl̥h₁-nó-s[6][2]
    • Proto-Celtic: *glanos (“clean, clear”) (< *glānos via Dybo's law[6][15]) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰl̥h₁-wó-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *glāwos (“glowing thing; coal, charcoal”)
  • *ǵʰloh₁-dʰ-u-s
    • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰólh₁-i-s ~ *ǵʰélh₁-i-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰárHiš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰárHiṣ
        • Sanskrit: हरि (hári, “the sun; the moon; ray of light”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 430: “*ĝhlē-; *ĝhlō-; *glēi̯a”
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 74: “*ĝʰleh₁-; *ĝʰlh̥₁-no-”
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*glōan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182: “*ǵʰleh₁-; *glēja-”
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) “žlėjà”, in Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume II, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 1317
  5. ^ Fick, August (1890–1909) “gélâ : glâ, gele : glê glänzen.”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 432
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 173
  7. ^ Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “gland”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 139-140
  8. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒlastaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135
  9. ^ Heidermanns, Frank (1993) “glada-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page *ghlə-tó- of 244-245
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*glada-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179: “*ǵʰlh̥₁-tó-; *ǵʰléh₁-i-eh₂-”
  11. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒlōraz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137
  12. ^ Heidermanns, Frank (1993) “glaiwi*-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 245-246
  13. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 529: “*ghlehₓdh-(ro)-”
  14. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “glaber, -bra, -brum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 263: “PIE *gʰlh₂dʰ-ro-”
  15. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*glano-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 160
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