Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wellaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwel.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”). Both *wellaną and o-grade *wallaną were probably created to the archaic zero-grade present *wulaną.^[1]

Verb

*wellaną^[1]^[2]

to well up, spring out, bubble forth

Inflection

Conjugation of *wellaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wellō	*wellaų	—	*wellai	?
2nd singular	*willizi	*wellaiz	*well	*wellazai	*wellaizau
3rd singular	*willidi	*wellai	*welladau	*welladai	*wellaidau
1st dual	*wellōz	*wellaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*welladiz	*wellaidiz	*welladiz	—	—
1st plural	*wellamaz	*wellaim	—	*wellandai	*wellaindau
2nd plural	*willid	*wellaid	*willid	*wellandai	*wellaindau
3rd plural	*wellandi	*wellain	*wellandau	*wellandai	*wellaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wall	*wullį̄
2nd singular	*wallt	*wullīz
3rd singular	*wall	*wullī
1st dual	*wullū	*wullīw
2nd dual	*wulludiz	*wullīdiz
1st plural	*wullum	*wullīm
2nd plural	*wullud	*wullīd
3rd plural	*wullun	*wullīn

	present	past
participles	*wellandz	*wullanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wellan
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *biwellan
  - Old Frisian: biwella
  - Old Saxon: biwellan
    - Middle Low German: bewellen
  - Old Dutch: biwellan
  - Old High German: biwellan
    - Middle High German: bewëllen
Old Norse: vella
- Icelandic: vella
- Norwegian: velde
- Old Swedish: vælla
  - Swedish: välla
- Danish: vælde

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”), and thus of the same origin as the "well up" sense of Etymology 1.^[3]

Verb

*wellaną^[3]

to roll, toss

Inflection

Conjugation of *wellaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wellō	*wellaų	—	*wellai	?
2nd singular	*willizi	*wellaiz	*well	*wellazai	*wellaizau
3rd singular	*willidi	*wellai	*welladau	*welladai	*wellaidau
1st dual	*wellōz	*wellaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*welladiz	*wellaidiz	*welladiz	—	—
1st plural	*wellamaz	*wellaim	—	*wellandai	*wellaindau
2nd plural	*willid	*wellaid	*willid	*wellandai	*wellaindau
3rd plural	*wellandi	*wellain	*wellandau	*wellandai	*wellaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wall	*wullį̄
2nd singular	*wallt	*wullīz
3rd singular	*wall	*wullī
1st dual	*wullū	*wullīw
2nd dual	*wulludiz	*wullīdiz
1st plural	*wullum	*wullīm
2nd plural	*wullud	*wullīd
3rd plural	*wullun	*wullīn

	present	past
participles	*wellandz	*wullanaz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wellan
- Old High German: wellan
Old Norse: *vella
- Old Swedish: vælla

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wallan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 571
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wellanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wellanan I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wallan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 571

[Orel_2-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wellanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453

[Orel-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wellanan I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453

[1]

[2]

[3]