Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waskaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *watskaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wod-ske-, a ske-present formation from *wed- (“wet, water”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwɑs.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*waskaną

1. to wash

Inflection

Conjugation of *waskaną (strong class 7c)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*waskō	*waskaų	—	*waskai	?
2nd singular	*waskizi	*waskaiz	*wask	*waskazai	*waskaizau
3rd singular	*waskidi	*waskai	*waskadau	*waskadai	*waskaidau
1st dual	*waskōz	*waskaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*waskadiz	*waskaidiz	*waskadiz	—	—
1st plural	*waskamaz	*waskaim	—	*waskandai	*waskaindau
2nd plural	*waskid	*waskaid	*waskid	*waskandai	*waskaindau
3rd plural	*waskandi	*waskain	*waskandau	*waskandai	*waskaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wewask	*wewaskį̄
2nd singular	*wewast	*wewaskīz
3rd singular	*wewask	*wewaskī
1st dual	*wewaskū	*wewaskīw
2nd dual	*wewaskudiz	*wewaskīdiz
1st plural	*wewaskum	*wewaskīm
2nd plural	*wewaskud	*wewaskīd
3rd plural	*wewaskun	*wewaskīn
	present	past
participles	*waskandz	*waskanaz

The second-person singular past indicative form derives from the pre-Grimm form *wewaskt, which should have either been retained (since *sk was not shifted elsewhere) or become *wewasht after Grimm's law (through the Germanic spirant law). However, this cluster was likely simplified at some stage as neither the clusters -sh- nor -kt- occurred anywhere else in Germanic.

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *waskan
  • Old English: wascan, wæscan, wacsan, waxan
    • Middle English: wasshen, wasch, wasche, waschen, waschsche, washe, washen, wasse, wasschen, wasshe, weschen, waischen, waissche, waisshen, wayschen, whasche, whaschen
      • English: wash
        • → Swazi: washa
      • Scots: wash, wesh
  • Old Frisian: waska
    • Saterland Frisian: waaske
    • West Frisian: waskje
  • Old Saxon: waskan
    • Middle Low German: waschen
      • Low German: waschen, wasken
  • Old Dutch: wascan
    • Middle Dutch: wasschen
      • Dutch: wassen
      • Limburgish: wasje, wesje
  • Old High German: wascan, waskan
    • Middle High German: waschen
      • Alemannic German: wäsche
      • Cimbrian: bèssan
      • German: waschen
      • Luxembourgish: wäschen
      • Yiddish: וואַשן (vashn)
  • → Old French: waschier, guaschier, gascher
    • Middle French: gascher
      • French: gâcher
    • → Italian: guazzare
• Old Norse: vaska
  • Danish: vaske
    • Norwegian Bokmål: vaske
  • Faroese: vaska
  • Icelandic: vaska
  • Swedish: vaska
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: vaska
    • Russenorsk: vaskom