Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warnōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to become aware; take heed”). Equivalent to *warnō (“warning”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwɑr.nɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*warnōną

1. to be careful
2. to warn

Inflection

Conjugation of *warnōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*warnō	*warnǭ	—	*warnōi	?
2nd singular	*warnōsi	*warnōs	*warnō	*warnōsai	*warnōsau
3rd singular	*warnōþi	*warnō	*warnōþau	*warnōþai	*warnōþau
1st dual	*warnōs	*warnōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*warnōþiz	*warnōþiz	*warnōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*warnōmaz	*warnōm	—	*warnōnþai	*warnōnþau
2nd plural	*warnōþ	*warnōþ	*warnōþ	*warnōnþai	*warnōnþau
3rd plural	*warnōnþi	*warnōn	*warnōnþau	*warnōnþai	*warnōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*warnōdǭ	*warnōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*warnōdēz	*warnōdēdīz
3rd singular	*warnōdē	*warnōdēdī
1st dual	*warnōdēdū	*warnōdēdīw
2nd dual	*warnōdēdudiz	*warnōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*warnōdēdum	*warnōdēdīm
2nd plural	*warnōdēdud	*warnōdēdīd
3rd plural	*warnōdēdun	*warnōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*warnōndz	*warnōdaz

Derived terms

• *warnungō

Related terms

• *warnijaną
• *warnō

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *warnōn
  • Old English: warnian, wearnian
    • Middle English: warnien, warnen
      • Scots: wairn
      • English: warn
  • Old Frisian: wernia, warna
  • Old Saxon: *warnōn
    • Middle Low German: warnen
      • German Low German: warnen
  • Old Dutch: *warnon
    • Middle Dutch: wāernen
      • Dutch: waarnen (obsolete)
      • Limburgish: warne
  • Old High German: warnōn
    • Middle High German: warnen
      • German: warnen
• Old Norse: varna
  • Old Swedish: varna
    • Swedish: varna