Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wandijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *windaną (“to wind, wrap”) +‎ *-janą (“causative suffix”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwɑn.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wandijaną

1. (transitive) to turn

Inflection

Conjugation of *wandijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wandijō	*wandijaų	—	*wandijai	?
2nd singular	*wandīsi	*wandijais	*wandī	*wandijasai	*wandijaisau
3rd singular	*wandīþi	*wandijai	*wandijaþau	*wandijaþai	*wandijaiþau
1st dual	*wandijōs	*wandijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wandijaþiz	*wandijaiþiz	*wandijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wandijamaz	*wandijaim	—	*wandijanþai	*wandijainþau
2nd plural	*wandīþ	*wandijaiþ	*wandīþ	*wandijanþai	*wandijainþau
3rd plural	*wandijanþi	*wandijain	*wandijanþau	*wandijanþai	*wandijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wandidǭ	*wandidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wandidēz	*wandidēdīz
3rd singular	*wandidē	*wandidēdī
1st dual	*wandidēdū	*wandidēdīw
2nd dual	*wandidēdudiz	*wandidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wandidēdum	*wandidēdīm
2nd plural	*wandidēdud	*wandidēdīd
3rd plural	*wandidēdun	*wandidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*wandijandz	*wandidaz

Derived terms

• *wandīniz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wandijan
  • Old English: wendan
    • Middle English: wenden
      • English: wend
      • Scots: wend
  • Old Frisian: wenda
    • North Frisian: wende
    • Saterland Frisian: weende
    • West Frisian: weine
  • Old Saxon: wendian
    • Middle Low German: wenden
      • German Low German: wennen
  • Old Dutch: wenden
    • Middle Dutch: wenden
      • Dutch: wenden
        • Afrikaans: wend, wende
  • Old High German: wenten
    • Middle High German: wenden
      • German: wenden
      • Luxembourgish: wennen
      • Yiddish: ווענדן (vendn)
• Old Norse: venda
  • Icelandic: venda
  • Faroese: venda
  • Norwegian: vende
  • Old Swedish: vænda
    • Swedish: vända
  • Danish: vende
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan)