Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēpnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wēpną (“weapon”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɛːp.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wēpnijaną

1. to arm, take up weapons
2. to provide with weapons

Inflection

Conjugation of *wēpnijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wēpnijō	*wēpnijaų	—	*wēpnijai	?
2nd singular	*wēpnīsi	*wēpnijais	*wēpnī	*wēpnijasai	*wēpnijaisau
3rd singular	*wēpnīþi	*wēpnijai	*wēpnijaþau	*wēpnijaþai	*wēpnijaiþau
1st dual	*wēpnijōs	*wēpnijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wēpnijaþiz	*wēpnijaiþiz	*wēpnijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wēpnijamaz	*wēpnijaim	—	*wēpnijanþai	*wēpnijainþau
2nd plural	*wēpnīþ	*wēpnijaiþ	*wēpnīþ	*wēpnijanþai	*wēpnijainþau
3rd plural	*wēpnijanþi	*wēpnijain	*wēpnijanþau	*wēpnijanþai	*wēpnijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wēpnidǭ	*wēpnidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wēpnidēz	*wēpnidēdīz
3rd singular	*wēpnidē	*wēpnidēdī
1st dual	*wēpnidēdū	*wēpnidēdīw
2nd dual	*wēpnidēdudiz	*wēpnidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wēpnidēdum	*wēpnidēdīm
2nd plural	*wēpnidēdud	*wēpnidēdīd
3rd plural	*wēpnidēdun	*wēpnidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*wēpnijandz	*wēpnidaz

Related terms

• *wēpnōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wāpnijan
  • Old Saxon: *wāpanian
    • Middle Low German: wēpenen
  • Old Dutch: *wāpanen (could be from *wēpnōną instead)
    • Middle Dutch: wāpenen
      • Dutch: wapenen
  • Old High German: wāfanen
    • Middle High German: wæfenen, weffenen
• Old Norse: væpna
  • Icelandic: væpna
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: væpne

    Norwegian Nynorsk: væpne, væpna

  • Old Swedish: vǣpna
    • Swedish: väpna
  • Danish: væbne