Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēpnōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wēpną (“weapon”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɛːp.nɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wēpnōną

1. to arm, take up weapons
2. to provide with weapons

Inflection

Conjugation of *wēpnōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wēpnō	*wēpnǭ	—	*wēpnōi	?
2nd singular	*wēpnōsi	*wēpnōs	*wēpnō	*wēpnōsai	*wēpnōsau
3rd singular	*wēpnōþi	*wēpnō	*wēpnōþau	*wēpnōþai	*wēpnōþau
1st dual	*wēpnōs	*wēpnōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wēpnōþiz	*wēpnōþiz	*wēpnōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wēpnōmaz	*wēpnōm	—	*wēpnōnþai	*wēpnōnþau
2nd plural	*wēpnōþ	*wēpnōþ	*wēpnōþ	*wēpnōnþai	*wēpnōnþau
3rd plural	*wēpnōnþi	*wēpnōn	*wēpnōnþau	*wēpnōnþai	*wēpnōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wēpnōdǭ	*wēpnōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*wēpnōdēz	*wēpnōdēdīz
3rd singular	*wēpnōdē	*wēpnōdēdī
1st dual	*wēpnōdēdū	*wēpnōdēdīw
2nd dual	*wēpnōdēdudiz	*wēpnōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*wēpnōdēdum	*wēpnōdēdīm
2nd plural	*wēpnōdēdud	*wēpnōdēdīd
3rd plural	*wēpnōdēdun	*wēpnōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*wēpnōndz	*wēpnōdaz

Related terms

• *wēpnijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wāpnōn
  • Old English: wǣpnian
    • Middle English: wepnen
      • English: weapon
  • Old Frisian: wēpenia
  • Old Saxon: *wāpanōn
    • Middle Low German: wāpenen
      • → Middle High German: wâpenen, wōpenen
        • German: wappnen
  • Old Dutch: *wāpanon
    • Middle Dutch: wâpenen
      • Dutch: wapenen
  • Old High German: wāfanōn
    • Middle High German: wāfenen
      • German: waffnen
• Old Norse: vápna
  • Icelandic: vopna