Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wēniz (“hope, expectation”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwɛː.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wēnijaną

1. to hope, to expect
2. to believe, to imagine
3. to ween, think (be of a certain opinion)
   1. (impersonal, with dative)

Inflection

Conjugation of *wēnijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wēnijō	*wēnijaų	—	*wēnijai	?
2nd singular	*wēnīsi	*wēnijais	*wēnī	*wēnijasai	*wēnijaisau
3rd singular	*wēnīþi	*wēnijai	*wēnijaþau	*wēnijaþai	*wēnijaiþau
1st dual	*wēnijōs	*wēnijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wēnijaþiz	*wēnijaiþiz	*wēnijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wēnijamaz	*wēnijaim	—	*wēnijanþai	*wēnijainþau
2nd plural	*wēnīþ	*wēnijaiþ	*wēnīþ	*wēnijanþai	*wēnijainþau
3rd plural	*wēnijanþi	*wēnijain	*wēnijanþau	*wēnijanþai	*wēnijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wēnidǭ	*wēnidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wēnidēz	*wēnidēdīz
3rd singular	*wēnidē	*wēnidēdī
1st dual	*wēnidēdū	*wēnidēdīw
2nd dual	*wēnidēdudiz	*wēnidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wēnidēdum	*wēnidēdīm
2nd plural	*wēnidēdud	*wēnidēdīd
3rd plural	*wēnidēdun	*wēnidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*wēnijandz	*wēnidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wānijan
  • Old English: wǣnan, wēnan
    • Middle English: wenen
      • Scots: wen, wene, ween
      • English: ween
  • Old Frisian: wēna
  • Old Saxon: wānian
    • Middle Low German: wânen
  • Old Dutch: wānen
    • Middle Dutch: wânen
      • Dutch: wanen
  • Old High German: wānen
    • Middle High German: wænen
      • German: wähnen
• Old Norse: væna
  • Icelandic: væna, í vændum
  • Faroese: væna
  • Old Swedish: vǣna
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wēnjan)