Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swinganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *swingwaną

Etymology

Unknown. If inherited, this could continue a Proto-Indo-European root *swengʷʰ- (*-gʷʰ- is suggested by Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afswaggwjan)), and may be related to Sanskrit स्वञ्ज् (svañj, “to embrace, clasp, twist, wind around”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈswiŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swinganą

1. to swing

Inflection

Conjugation of *swinganą (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swingō	*swingaų	—	*swingai	?
2nd singular	*swingizi	*swingaiz	*swing	*swingazai	*swingaizau
3rd singular	*swingidi	*swingai	*swingadau	*swingadai	*swingaidau
1st dual	*swingōz	*swingaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swingadiz	*swingaidiz	*swingadiz	—	—
1st plural	*swingamaz	*swingaim	—	*swingandai	*swingaindau
2nd plural	*swingid	*swingaid	*swingid	*swingandai	*swingaindau
3rd plural	*swingandi	*swingain	*swingandau	*swingandai	*swingaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swang	*sungį̄
2nd singular	*swanht	*sungīz
3rd singular	*swang	*sungī
1st dual	*sungū	*sungīw
2nd dual	*sungudiz	*sungīdiz
1st plural	*sungum	*sungīm
2nd plural	*sungud	*sungīd
3rd plural	*sungun	*sungīn
	present	past
participles	*swingandz	*sunganaz

Related terms

• Proto-West Germanic:
  • *swak (possibly)
  • *swinkan
• *swangaz
• *swankijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *swingan
  • Old English: swingan
    • Middle English: swyngen, swingen, swyng, swynge, swyngge, swyngyn, squynge, suing, swingan, swingæn, swingenn
      • English: swing
        • → Dutch: swingen
        • → Norman: souîndgi
      • Scots: swing, sweeng
  • Old Frisian: swinga
  • Old Saxon: swingan
    • Middle Low German: swingen
      • Low German: swingen
      • → Danish: svinge
  • Old Dutch: *swingan
    • Middle Dutch: swingen
      • Limburgish: zwinge
  • Old High German: swingan
    • Middle High German: swingen
      • German: schwingen
• Old Norse: sveggja
  • Icelandic: sveggja
  • Swedish: svinga