Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spehōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”). Cognate with Latin speciō (“look, stare, behold”), Ancient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō, “I view, examine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspe.xɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spehōną

1. to peer, look, spy

Inflection

Conjugation of *spehōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spehō	*spehǭ	—	*spehōi	?
2nd singular	*spehōsi	*spehōs	*spehō	*spehōsai	*spehōsau
3rd singular	*spehōþi	*spehō	*spehōþau	*spehōþai	*spehōþau
1st dual	*spehōs	*spehōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spehōþiz	*spehōþiz	*spehōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*spehōmaz	*spehōm	—	*spehōnþai	*spehōnþau
2nd plural	*spehōþ	*spehōþ	*spehōþ	*spehōnþai	*spehōnþau
3rd plural	*spehōnþi	*spehōn	*spehōnþau	*spehōnþai	*spehōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spehōdǭ	*spehōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*spehōdēz	*spehōdēdīz
3rd singular	*spehōdē	*spehōdēdī
1st dual	*spehōdēdū	*spehōdēdīw
2nd dual	*spehōdēdudiz	*spehōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*spehōdēdum	*spehōdēdīm
2nd plural	*spehōdēdud	*spehōdēdīd
3rd plural	*spehōdēdun	*spehōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*spehōndz	*spehōdaz

Derived terms

• *spehô
• *spehō

Related terms

• *spahōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *spehōn
  • Old Saxon: *spehōn
    • Middle Low German: spēgen, spējen, spēen, spēn
      • → Old Norse: speja, spæja
        • Icelandic: speja, spæja
        • Norwegian: speide
        • Swedish: speja
        • Danish: spejde
  • Old Dutch: *spion
    • Middle Dutch: spien, spieden
      • Dutch: spieden
  • Old High German: spehōn, spiohōn, *spihōn (attested in derivative spihāri (“spy”))
    • Middle High German: spëhen, spēn, *spiehen (attested in derivative spieher (“spy”))
      • German: spähen
      • → Czech: špehovat
        • → Polish: szpiegować
  • → Vulgar Latin: *spiō (see there for further descendants)