σκοπέω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- σκοπεύω (skopeúō)
Etymology
[edit]From σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”) + -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *sḱop-, the o-grade of *sḱep-, a metathesis of *speḱ-, from which also comes σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider, think, speculate”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /sko.pé.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /skoˈpe.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /skoˈpe.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /skoˈpe.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /skoˈpe.o/
Verb
[edit]σκοπέω • (skopéō)
- to look, look at, behold; examine, inspect
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.5:
- μηκέθ’ ἁλίου σκόπει ἄλλο θαλπνότερον ἐν ἁμέρᾳ φαεννὸν ἄστρον ἐρήμας δι’ αἰθέρος
- mēkéth’ halíou skópei állo thalpnóteron en hamérāi phaennòn ástron erḗmas di’ aithéros
- look no further for any star warmer than the sun, shining by day through the lonely sky
- μηκέθ’ ἁλίου σκόπει ἄλλο θαλπνότερον ἐν ἁμέρᾳ φαεννὸν ἄστρον ἐρήμας δι’ αἰθέρος
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 467:
- καιρὸς γὰρ καλεῖ πλοῦν μὴ ’ξ ἀπόπτου μᾶλλον ἢ ’γγύθεν σκοπεῖν.
- kairòs gàr kaleî ploûn mḕ ’x apóptou mâllon ḕ ’ngúthen skopeîn.
- Yes, since opportunity bids us watch near our ship for a fair wind, rather than from afar.
- καιρὸς γὰρ καλεῖ πλοῦν μὴ ’ξ ἀπόπτου μᾶλλον ἢ ’γγύθεν σκοπεῖν.
- (figuratively) to contemplate, consider
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 182a:
- σκόπει δή μοι τόδε αὐτῶν·
- skópei dḗ moi tóde autôn;
- Then just examine this point of their doctrine.
- σκόπει δή μοι τόδε αὐτῶν·
- to look for
- (middle voice) like active, perhaps implying a more deliberate consideration
- 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 68:
- ὁρῶ, σκοποῦμαι δ’ ὄμμα πανταχῆ στρέφων.
- horô, skopoûmai d’ ómma pantakhê stréphōn.
- I am watching. Every side I turn mine eye.
- ὁρῶ, σκοποῦμαι δ’ ὄμμα πανταχῆ στρέφων.
Usage notes
[edit]Earlier writers use only the present and imperfect, with other tenses supplied by σκέπτομαι (sképtomai).
Inflection
[edit] Present: σκοπέω, σκοπέομαι (Uncontracted)
Imperfect: ἐσκόπεον, ἐσκοπεόμην (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσκόπεον | ἐσκόπεες | ἐσκόπεε(ν) | ἐσκοπέετον | ἐσκοπεέτην | ἐσκοπέομεν | ἐσκοπέετε | ἐσκόπεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσκοπεόμην | ἐσκοπέου | ἐσκοπέετο | ἐσκοπέεσθον | ἐσκοπεέσθην | ἐσκοπεόμεθᾰ | ἐσκοπέεσθε | ἐσκοπέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσκόπουν | ἐσκόπεις | ἐσκόπει | ἐσκοπεῖτον | ἐσκοπείτην | ἐσκοποῦμεν | ἐσκοπεῖτε | ἐσκόπουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσκοπούμην | ἐσκοποῦ | ἐσκοπεῖτο | ἐσκοπεῖσθον | ἐσκοπείσθην | ἐσκοπούμεθᾰ | ἐσκοπεῖσθε | ἐσκοποῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐσκοπήκειν, ἐσκοπήμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσκοπήκειν, ἐσκοπήκη |
ἐσκοπήκεις, ἐσκοπήκης |
ἐσκοπήκει(ν) | ἐσκοπήκετον | ἐσκοπηκέτην | ἐσκοπήκεμεν | ἐσκοπήκετε | ἐσκοπήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσκοπήμην | ἐσκόπησο | ἐσκόπητο | ἐσκόπησθον | ἐσκοπήσθην | ἐσκοπήμεθᾰ | ἐσκόπησθε | ἐσκόπηντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀνᾰσκοπέω (anaskopéō)
- ἀποσκοπέω (aposkopéō)
- ἀστεροσκοπέω (asteroskopéō)
- ἀστροσκοπέω (astroskopéō)
- διαμορφοσκοπέομαι (diamorphoskopéomai)
- δῐᾰσκοπέω (diaskopéō)
- ἐπῐσκοπέω (episkopéō)
- εὐθυσκοπέω (euthuskopéō)
- ἡμεροσκοπέω (hēmeroskopéō)
- ἡπᾰτοσκοπέω (hēpatoskopéō)
- θυννοσκοπέω (thunnoskopéō)
- ἱεροσκοπέομαι (hieroskopéomai)
- ἰχνοσκοπέω (ikhnoskopéō)
- κᾰτᾰσκοπέω (kataskopéō)
- ὁδοσκοπέω (hodoskopéō)
- οἰωνοσκοπέω (oiōnoskopéō)
- ὀρθοσκοπέω (orthoskopéō)
- ὀρνεοσκοπέω (orneoskopéō)
- ὀρνῑθοσκοπέομαι (ornīthoskopéomai)
- πᾰρᾰσκοπέω (paraskopéō)
- περισκοπέω (periskopéō)
- προσκοπέω (proskopéō)
- προσσκοπέω (prosskopéō)
- συσκοπέω (suskopéō)
- ὑδροσκοπέω (hudroskopéō)
- ὡροσκοπέω (hōroskopéō)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- English: -scope
Further reading
[edit]- “σκοπέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- G4648 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speḱ-
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -έω
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Thinking