Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smeukaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *smewgʰ- (“smoke”), a term whose exact form is difficult to reconstruct due to subtly different phonetics in its descendants. Cognate with Ancient Greek σμὐχω (smukhō, “to burn up, smoulder away”), Lithuanian smáugti (“to choke”), Old Irish múch (“fire”), Welsh mwg (“fire”), Old Armenian մուխ (mux, “smoke”). Kroonen assumes the verb was back-formed to the iterative *smukkōną ~ *smukōną (“to smoke”) (whence Proto-West Germanic *smokōn), which explains the 'k' instead of the expected 'g'.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsmeu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*smeukaną^[1]^[2]

to smoke, fume

Inflection

Conjugation of *smeukaną (strong class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*smeukō	*smeukaų	—	*smeukai	?
2nd singular	*smiukizi	*smeukaiz	*smeuk	*smeukazai	*smeukaizau
3rd singular	*smiukidi	*smeukai	*smeukadau	*smeukadai	*smeukaidau
1st dual	*smeukōz	*smeukaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*smeukadiz	*smeukaidiz	*smeukadiz	—	—
1st plural	*smeukamaz	*smeukaim	—	*smeukandai	*smeukaindau
2nd plural	*smiukid	*smeukaid	*smiukid	*smeukandai	*smeukaindau
3rd plural	*smeukandi	*smeukain	*smeukandau	*smeukandai	*smeukaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*smauk	*smukį̄
2nd singular	*smauht	*smukīz
3rd singular	*smauk	*smukī
1st dual	*smukū	*smukīw
2nd dual	*smukudiz	*smukīdiz
1st plural	*smukum	*smukīm
2nd plural	*smukud	*smukīd
3rd plural	*smukun	*smukīn

	present	past
participles	*smeukandz	*smukanaz

Alternative forms

*smūkaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *smeukan, *smūkan
- Old English: smēocan
  - Middle English: smeken
    - Scots: smeke, smeek
- Old Dutch: *smiekan, *smūkan
  - Middle Dutch: smieken, smuken
    - Dutch: smuiken
- Old High German: *smiohhan, *smiochan
  - Middle High German: smiechen
    - German: smiehen (dialectal)
    - Bavarian: smiechen

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*smeukan- ~ *smūkan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 458-459
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*smeukanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 354

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*smeukan- ~ *smūkan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 458-459

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*smeukanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 354

[1]

[2]