Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slakwjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Causative of *slekwaną (“to extinguish, go out”). Seebold leaves the origin open,^[1] while Orel compares Lithuanian slė́gti (“to press, squeeze”) and Latin langueo (“to be faint”), apparently considering the verb related to *slakaz (“weak, slack”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈslɑkʷ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*slakwjaną

(North Germanic) (transitive) to quench, extinguish

Inflection

Conjugation of *slakwjaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*slakwjō	*slakwjaų	—	*slakwjai	?
2nd singular	*slakwisi	*slakwjais	*slakwi	*slakwjasai	*slakwjaisau
3rd singular	*slakwiþi	*slakwjai	*slakwjaþau	*slakwjaþai	*slakwjaiþau
1st dual	*slakwjōs	*slakwjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*slakwjaþiz	*slakwjaiþiz	*slakwjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*slakwjamaz	*slakwjaim	—	*slakwjanþai	*slakwjainþau
2nd plural	*slakwiþ	*slakwjaiþ	*slakwiþ	*slakwjanþai	*slakwjainþau
3rd plural	*slakwjanþi	*slakwjain	*slakwjanþau	*slakwjanþai	*slakwjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*slakwidǭ	*slakwidēdį̄
2nd singular	*slakwidēz	*slakwidēdīz
3rd singular	*slakwidē	*slakwidēdī
1st dual	*slakwidēdū	*slakwidēdīw
2nd dual	*slakwidēdudiz	*slakwidēdīdiz
1st plural	*slakwidēdum	*slakwidēdīm
2nd plural	*slakwidēdud	*slakwidēdīd
3rd plural	*slakwidēdun	*slakwidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*slakwjandz	*slakwidaz

Alternative reconstructions

*slakw-eja-^[1]

Related terms

*slekwaną (“to extinguish, go out”)
*slukwnōną (“to go out”)

Descendants

Old Norse: sløkkva, slekkja
- Icelandic: slökkva
- Faroese: sløkkja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sløkkja, slekkja
- Norwegian Bokmål: slokke
- Elfdalian: slettja
- Old Swedish: slækkia
  - Swedish: släcka
- Old Danish: slukkæ, slykkæ, sløkkæ, slækkiæ
  - Danish: slukke
    - Norwegian Bokmål: slukke
- Gutnish: släkke
- Scanian: sløkka

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SLEKW-*A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 431
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*slakwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 349

[Seebold-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SLEKW-*A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 431

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*slakwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 349

[1]

[2]